psych 6.3

Question 1

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 1

A stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without learning

Question 2

generalization

Answer 2

takes place when an operant response occurs in response to a new stimulus present that is similar to the stimulus present during original learning

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

(1) occurs when an operant response is made to one stimulus but not another, even if the stimuli are similar;(2) behaviour that disfavours or disadvantages members of a certain social group in some way

Question 4

Pavlovian conditioning

Answer 4

a form of associative learning in which an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus (e.g, a sound) with biologically relevant stimulus (e.g, food), which results in a change in the response to the previously neutral stimulus (e.g, salivation)

Question 5

spontaneous recovery

Answer 5

the reoccurrence of a previously extinguished conditioned response, typically after some time has passed since extinction

Question 6

conditioned emotional responses

Answer 6

consist of emotional and physiological responses that develop to a specific object or situation

Question 7

learning

Answer 7

a process by which behavior or knowledge changes as a result of experience

Question 8

extinction

Answer 8

(1) in classical conditioning, the loss or weakening of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together; (2) in operant conditioning, the weakening of an operant response when reinforcement is no longer available.

Question 9

conditioned taste aversion

Answer 9

acquired dislike or disgust for a food or drink because it was paired with illness

Question 10

acquisition

Answer 10

the initial phase of learning in which a response is established

Question 11

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 11

a once-neutral stimulus that later elicits a conditioned response because it has a history of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 12

classical conditioning

Answer 12

a form of associative learning in which an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus (e.g, a sound) witha biologiclly relevant stimulus (e.g., food) which results in a change in response to the previously neutral stimulus (e.g., salivation)

Question 13

unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 13

a reflexive, unlearned reaction to a n unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

preparedness

Answer 14

the biological predisposition to rapidly learn a response to a particular class of stimuli

Question 15

conditioned response (CR)

Answer 15

The learned response that occurs to the conditioned stimulus