Psych Flashcards
small molecule transmitters
amino acids (NT)
monoamines (NM)
acetylcholine (NM)
NO
amino acid neurotransmitters
glutamate: excitatory
GABA: inhibitory
monoamines neuromodulators
catecholamines (NE/epi/dopamine)
serotonin
histamine
function of NE/epi
sympathetic, wakefullness, arousal, attention, memory
function of dopamine
reward/motivation and executive function/motor control
function of serotonin
wakefullness, cognition, mood, appetite
function of acetylcholine
acts on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors at neuromuscular junction to activate parasympathetic system
large molecule transmitters
neuropeptides
neuropeptides
substance P/tachykinins: pain perception
kisspeptin/tachykinins: reproductive function
orexin: wakefullness
proopiomelanocortin: feeding and metabolism
endogenous opioids
cannabinoids
GABA synthesis
from gultamate, using vitamin B6
function of glutamate
predominant excitatory NT of brain, expressed everywhere
receptor of glutamate
ionotropic (fast/excitatory)
GPCR (slow/inhibitory and excitatory)
clearance of glutamate
pre/post/glial cell uptake receptors
function of GABA
predominant inhibitory NT of brain, expressed everywhere
receptor of GABA
ionotropic and metabotropic
clearance of GABA
pre/glial cell uptake receptors
receptor for acetylcholine
ionotropic (nicotinic)
metabotropic (muscarinic)
synthesis of acetylcholine
from acetyl CoA and choline
location of acetylcholine expression
basal forebrain and brainstem
clearance of acetylcholine
acetylcholine esterase
location of NE expression
pons, brainstem
location of epi expression
adrenals
receptors for NE/epi
alpha1, alpha2, beta2 (heart)
clearance of NE/epi
pre-synaptic autoreceptors
formation of NE/epi
from tyrosine
synthesis of dopamine
from tyrosine
receptor for dopamine
GPCRs
G1=stimulation, G2=inhibition
clearance of dopamine
DAT
synthesis of seratonin
tryptophan
receptors for seratonin
many! both ionotropic and metabotropic
nucleii locations of seratonin
brain and gut
clearance of seratonin
SERT (pre-synaptic)
receptor for endophins
mu
receptors for enkephalins
delta
receptors for dyrnophins
kappa
receptor for endomorphins
mu
sensory aphasia (Wernicke)
inability to comprehend written or spoken words, some difficulty speaking
motor aphasia (Broca)
non-fluent speech
global aphasia
both Broca and Wernicke
depersonalization
disorder of perception, feel dissociated from sensations
psychoanalysis
promotes awareness of unconscious, maladaptive and habitually recurrent patterns of emotion and behavior
supportive psychotherapy
reinforcement of patent’s healthy and adaptive patterns of thought. unlike psychoanalysis because the therapist is an encouraging, supportive team member.
