Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych 405 exam 2 > PSYCH 405 CH 5 > Flashcards

PSYCH 405 CH 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

the stats of immediate alarm

A

fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vague sense of being in danger (features include: increases in breathing, muscular tension, perspiration, fear)

A

anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the most common mental disorder in the US?

A

anxiety disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

people with this disorder experience general and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety

A

generalized anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

people with this phobia have a persistent and irrational fear of a particular object, activity, or situation

A

specific phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

people with this phobia fear traveling to public places

A

agoraphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

people with this phobia are intensely afraid of social/performance situations in which they may become embarrassed

A

social anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

people with this disorder had recurrent attacks of terror

A

panic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

this group of disorders causes people to feel overrun by recurrent thoughts that cause anxiety or by the need to perform certain repetitive actions to reduce anxiety

A

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is another name for generalized anxiety disorder?

A

free-floating anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do sociocultural theorists view the likelihood of developing generalized anxiety disorder?

A

people who face ongoing societal conditions that are dangerous are more likely to develop generalized anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is one of the most powerful forms of societal stress?

A

poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the psychodynamic perspective on anxiety? (Freud)

A

freud believed that all children experience some degree of anxiety as part of growing up and use all ego defense mechanisms to help control such anxiety. Those who have high anxiety develop disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Modern psychodynamic theorists view on generalized anxiety disorder:

A
  • disorder can be traced to inadequacies in the early relationships of children and parents
  • extreme protectiveness by parents may lead to high levels of anxiety in children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the general technique that psychodynamic theorists use to treat all psychological problems:

A

free association
interpretations of transference, resistance, dreams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do Freudian psychodynamic therapists use psychodynamic techniques for?

A

help patients become less afraid of their id impulses and more successful in controlling them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do object-relations therapists use psychodynamic techniques for?

A

help clients identify and settle childhood problems that continue to produce anxiety in adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are psychodynamic treatments effective for GAD?

A

only moderatly for generalized anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do humanist theorists propose about generalized anxiety disorder?

A

that it arises b/c people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly. Repeated denials of thoughts, emotions, and behavior, make people anxious and unable to fulfill their potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Carl Roger’s explanation for generalized anxiety disorder

A

people who fail to receive unconditional positive regard from others become overly critical of themselves and develop harsh self-standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

humanistic therapy developed by Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuiness

A

client-centered therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the research standpoint on humanistic therapy?

A
  • controlled studies have failed to offer strong support for this approach
  • client centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the cognitive-behavioral view on psych disorders?

A

caused by problematic behaviors and dysfunctional ways of thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psych problems, according to Albert Ellis

A

basic irrational assumptions, maladaptive assumptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Adrian Wells’s theory that people with generalized anxiety disorder implicitly hold both positive and negative beliefs about worrying

A

metacognitive theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

theory where certain individuals cannot tolerate the knowledge that negative events may occur, even if the possibility of the occurrence is very small. Makes them vulnerable to generalized anxiety disorder

A

intolerance of uncertainty theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Can the intolerance of uncertainty be be biologically based?

A

yes, it can be passed from parent to child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Thomas Borkovec’s theory that people with generalized anxiety disorder have greater bodily arousal than others and that worrying reduces arousal, distracting them from their unpleasant physical feelings

A

avoidance theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

a cognitive therapy that helps clients identify and change the irrational assumptions and thinking that cause their disorder

A

rational-emotive therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are some goals of new-wave cognitive behavioral therapists?

A

clients are expected to see the world as less threatening and less arousing, find more constructive ways of dealing with stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do biological theorists believe about generalized anxiety disorder?

A

that it is caused by biological factors, for exmaple how many of your relative have it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a research design in which investigators determine how many and which relative of a person with a disorder have the same disorder

A

family pedigree studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the most common group of anti-anxiety drugs ;includes Valium and Xanax

A

benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How do benzodiazepines reduce anxiety?

A

dupe card just pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

a neurotransmitter whose low activity in the brain’s fear circuit has been linked to anxiety

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How does GABA work?

A

it carries a inhibitory message and causes neurons to stop firing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

a network of particular brain structures that work together to trigger a reaction

A

brain circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What brain structures does the fear circuit contain?

A

prefrontal cortex
anterior cingulate cortex
insula
amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What did studies reveal about the fear circuit and people with generalized anxiety disorder?

A

people with the disorder have an hyperactive fear circuit, low GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

drugs that help calm people in low doses and help them fall asleep in higher doses

A

sedative-hypnotic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How do benzodiazepines work to reduce anxiety?

A

by traveling to receptor sites in the brain circuit–amygdala and bind to these sites and increase the ability of GABA to bind to the sites and stop neurons from firing

42
Q

What are some disadvantages of benzodiazepines?

A
  1. the effects are short lived
  2. people who take them in large doses may become dependent on them
  3. can produce undesirable results like drowsiness, lack of coordination, memory loss, depression
  4. if mixed with other drugs/substances it can become dangerous
43
Q

drugs that are usually used to lift the moods of depressed persons

A

antidepressant medications

44
Q

drugs commonly given to people with schizophrenia and other forms of psychosis

A

antipsychotic meds

45
Q

a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object

A

phobia

46
Q

what is difference between fear and phobia according to DSM-5?

A

phobias are more intense and persistent and may interfere dramatically with lives

47
Q

examples of specific phobias:

A

animals, heights, close spaces, blood

48
Q

extreme and sudden expressions of fear

A

panic attacks

49
Q

which model for phobias has the most support?

A

cognitive-behavioral model

50
Q

What are some ways cognitive-behavioral theorists propose phobias develop?

A
  1. classical conditioning
  2. modeling
    (research does not support this, phobias are not normally acquired this way)
51
Q

a predisposition to developed certain fears. explains why some fears are more common than others

A

prepardness

52
Q

Where might such predispositions to fear come from?

A
  • maybe transmitted genetically through and evolutionary process
53
Q

What is the most widely used model to treating phobias?

A

cognitive-behavioral; very effective for specific phobias

54
Q

treatment in which person is exposed to the objects/situation they dread

A

exposure treatment

55
Q

an exposure treatment that uses relaxation training and fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to things they dread

A

systematic desensitization

56
Q

therapist has client confront something at the bottom of their fear hierarchy

A

in vivo desensitization

57
Q

imagined fear confrontation

A

covert desensitization

58
Q

exposure therapy treatment in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a fear object made to see that it is actually harmless

A

flooding

59
Q

an exposure technique where the client watches the therapist confront the feared object/situation

A

modeling

60
Q

an exposure technique where the client watches the therapist confront the feared object/situation and then client joins in

A

participant modeling

61
Q

What is the key to success in all forms of exposure treatment?

A

be in actual contact with all forms of exposure treatment

62
Q

program where clincians give clients and families detailed instructions for carrying out exposure treatments themselves

A

home-based self-help programs

63
Q

a psychological disorder in which people fear social situations

A

social anxiety disorder.

64
Q

What are some beliefs cognitive-behavioral theorists believe cause social anxiety disorder?

A
  • holding unrealistically high social standards
  • believing they are unattractive beings
  • believing they have no control over feelings of anxiety
65
Q

What medication can help alleviate social fears?

A

benzodiazepines, anti-depressants

66
Q

What types of therapy can help with social anxiety disorder?

A

exposure therapy and systematic therapy

67
Q

a therapy approach that helps people learn or improve social skills and assertiveness through role-playing and rehearsing of desirable behaviors

A

social skills training

68
Q

what are some symptoms of panic?

A
  1. palpitation of the heart
  2. tingling of hands and feet
  3. trembling
  4. chest paints
69
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks

A

panic disorder

70
Q

When does panic disorder typically develop?

A

late adolescence or early adulthood

71
Q

What model best describes panic disorder?

A

biological model

72
Q

a small area of the brain that seems to be active in the regulation of emotions. Many of its neurons use norepinephrine

A

locus coeruleus

73
Q

What drug can help alleviate symptoms of panic disorder and what does it do?

A

antidepressants; they increase activity of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain

74
Q

What benzodiazepine drug can also alleviate panic disorder symptoms? Why are they the second choice behind antidepressants?

A
  • alprazolan (Xanax)
    they might increase physical dependency
75
Q

What do cognitive-behavioral theorists believe about panic attacks?

A

they are experienced only by people who misinterpret he physiological events taking place within their bodies

76
Q

a procedure used to produce panic in participants or clients having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-induing task in the presence of a researcher or therapist

A

biological challenge test

77
Q

tendency to focus on one’s bodily sensations, asses them illogically, and interpret them as harmful

A

anxiety sensitivity

78
Q

how does cognitive-behavioral therapy treat panic disorder?

A
  1. educate clients on the general nature of panic attacks
  2. teach clients to apply more accurate interpretations during stressful situations
79
Q

persistent thoughts, impulses, ideas, images that invade one’s conciousness

A

obsessions

80
Q

repetitive and rigid behaviors/mental acts that people feel they must perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety

A

compulsions

81
Q

a disorder in which a person has recurrent obsession, compulsions, or both

A

obsessive-compulsion disorder

82
Q

Is obsessive compulsive disorder classifies as an anxiety disorder in the DMS-5?

A

no

83
Q

What is a difference between compulsions and obsessions?

A

compulsion are technically voluntary whereas obsessions are not

84
Q

What is the psychodynamic perspective on OCD?

A

it is a battle between the id impulses and defense mechanisms played over thoughts and actions

85
Q

How did freud say OCD developed?

A

in the anal stage of development, a child experience extreme shame as a result of potty training

86
Q

How do psychodynamic theorists try to treat OCD?

A

by helping the client undercover underlying conflicts and defenses using free association and therapist interpretation

87
Q

a person’s attempt to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right interanally, making up for unacceptable thoughts

A

neutralize

88
Q

How does the cognitive-behavioral perspective view OCD?

A

that everyone has these types of thoughts and those with OCD must blame themselves for having them and expect terrible things to happen

endless cycle of obsessions causing anxiety and compulsions reducing anxiety

89
Q

what happens when you limit neutralization?

A

it might turn into an obsession

90
Q

belief that intrusive thoughts are equivalent to actions and capable of causing harm

A

thought-action fusion

91
Q

How do cognitive behavioral therapists treat OCD?

A

educating the clients on misinterpretations, the neutralizing the thoughts, guide clients to identify and challenge distorted cognitions

92
Q

a cognitive behavior technique used to treat OCD by exposing clients to anxiety-arousing thoughts/situations and preventing them from performing their compulsive acts

A

exposure and response prevention

93
Q

Which brain circuit is hyperactive in people with OCD?

A

cortio-stratio-thalamocortical circuit, makes it difficult to turn off their various impulses, needs, related thoughts

94
Q

what is the most widely used biological treatment for OCD?

A

antidepressatn drugs, ones that increase serotonin activity

95
Q

disorders in which obsessive-like concerns drive people to repeatedly perform certain abnormal patterns of behavior

A

obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

96
Q

a disorder where people feel compelled to save items and become very distressed it they try to discard them

A

hoarding disorder

97
Q

a disorder where people repeatedly pull out hair from their scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, or other parts of body.

A

tricotillomania/ hair-pulling disorder

98
Q

a disorder where people repeatedly pick at their skin, resulting in significant sores or wounds.

A

excoriation

99
Q

a disorder where individuals become preoccupied with the belief that they have certain defects or flaws in their physical appearance.

A

body dismorphic disorder

100
Q

psychological perspective that focuses on the intersection and context of important factors at key points of time throughout an individual’s life span

A

developmental psychopathy perspective

101
Q

children show a withdraw, isolated, and cautious pattern

A

behavioral inhibition

psych 405 exam 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions