Psych 210 Final

Question 1

Philippe Pinel

Answer 1

Pioneer of humane treatment of people with mental illness
Got rid of bloodletting, chaining up patients, exorcisms, etc…
Instituted innovative treatment strategies
Separating different kinds of inmates
Occupational Therapy
Regular bathing

Question 2

Lightner Witmer

Answer 2

Believed psychology should provide practical and applicable information
Found the field of Clinical Psychology and the first psychological clinics

Question 3

Dorothea Dix

Answer 3

Traveled the U.S. advocating better treatment for those with mental illness and creating institutional change in many states. Recognized that many people confined as criminals actually suffered from mental illness.

Question 4

Emil Kraepelin

Answer 4

published one of the first truly thorough lists of mental illnesses. Also one of the firsts to systemically study the effects of drugs on mental illness and behavior (groundwork for Psychopharmacology)

Question 5

Franz Anton Mesmer

Answer 5

used magnets to “cure” patients. Believed he possessed a strong magnetic field that allowed him to cure people. Foundations of hypnotism. Contagion Effect.

Question 6

Anna Freud

Answer 6

Developmental Lines: children’s development is a continuous process and children can progress or regress. Developmental lines mark “normal progression” and thereby can be used to identify maladaptation. They deal with the child transitioning from external controls to mastering internal and external reality.

Question 7

Carl Jung

Answer 7

Personal Unconscious: experiences that have either been repressed or just forgotten
Collective Unconscious: the inheritance of predispositions from the entirety of human evolutionary experience
Archetypes: inherited predispositions
Synchronicity: meaningful coincidences. When two events with independent causality come together in a meaningful way

Question 8

Alfred Adler

Answer 8

Compensation: you make up for a weakness in one area by developing a strength in another area
Overcompensation: turning a weakness into a strength
Inferiority: all human beings have a sense of inferiority because begin life completely dependent on others
Inferiority Complex: being so overcome by feelings of inferiority that it becomes debilitating and you accomplish nothing

Question 9

Martin Heidegger

Answer 9

Guilt is caused by not exercising personal freedom
Thrownness: there are limits to our freedom. There are things about our life that our out of our control (our height, the circumstances of our birth, etc…)

Question 10

Ludwig Binswanger

Answer 10

Focused heavily on the present
Modes of Existence: Umwelt (world of things and events), Mitwelt (world of interactions), Eigenwel (the inner/subjective world of the individual)
World-Design: how an individual understands and perceives the world
Ground of Existence: the conditions under which you exercise personal freedom

Question 11

Rollo May

Answer 11

The Human Dilemma: the paradox in which humans are both objects (existing physically) that things happen to as well as subjects who interpret and contextualize the things that happen to us
Neurotic Anxiety: is unhealthy and results form fear of freedom
Self-Alienation: accepting societies values as your own
Importance of Myth
Narrative Therapy: studies the effectiveness of the stories people use to understand their lives

Question 12

George Kelley

Answer 12

Constructive Alternativism: people create construct systems to help them predict future events and reduce uncertainty
Propositional Thinking: experimenting with ideas to see where they lead
Fixed-Role Therapy: having patients act a part for two week that is different from how they view themselves

Question 13

Carl Rogers

Answer 13

Organismic Valuing Process: living a self-actualized life
Our need for positive regard from others means that most people do not live according to their own internal values, but instead have an external focus
Importance of Unconditional Positive Regard
Incongruent Person: similar to an inauthentic person. They are no longer true to their feelings. Incongruency is the cause of mental illness

Question 14

Lashley

Answer 14

Mass Action: damage to the brain is more about the amount of damage than the location of the damage
Equipotentiality: any cell in a particular brain region can perform that region’s function. Therefore, the entire region must be damaged for function to cease
Engram: the neurophysiological center of memory and learning

Question 15

Donald Hebb

Answer 15

Cell Assembly: every physical object we experience fires its own distinct set of neurons
Phase Sequence: when a group of cell assemblies react consistently at the same time they form a phase sequence, so that when one fires the others follow

Question 16

Roger Sperry

Answer 16

Split Brain Procedure

Question 17

Jean Piaget

Answer 17

Child Development
Sensorimotor Stage (birth to age 2)
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years old)
Concrete Operations Stage (7-12 years old)
Formal Operations Stage

Question 18

Noam Chomsky

Answer 18

Human brain is biologically designed to create language (therefore language is not the result of conditioning)
All children are born with a language acquisition device

Question 19

Fritz Heider

Answer 19

Attribution Theory
How we understand, categorize, and explain behavior
Effort
Ability
Task
Luck

Question 20

Artificial Intelligence

Answer 20

Turing Test
Chinese Room
Weak AI: at best a computer can simulate human mental attributes
Strong AI: a computer actually can be a mind capable of understanding and mental states on par with human beings