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ASP > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Freud: 3 parts of consciousness

A

Ego: Rational part of mind that operates on reality principal, Suppresses the urges of the id

Id (Devil): Driven by the pleasure principle and strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants and needs

Superego (Angel): Moral center of the mind and acts as the minds conscience! Suppresses urges of the id

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2
Q

Freud Key Terms: Unconscious

A
  • A reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges and memories that are outside conscious awareness.
  • Influences behaviours even though not fully aware
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3
Q

Freud Key Terms: Conscious

A
  • Contains all the thoughts, memories, feelings and wishes were aware of at any moment
  • Thinks and talks rationally
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4
Q

Freud Key Terms: Free Association

A

Freely sharing thoughts (therapy)

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5
Q

Freud Key Terms: Neo-Freudians

A

Psychologist who have modified Freud’s theories due to social and cultural aspects.

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6
Q

Horney

A

Founder of feminist psych
Development is lifelong not like Freud states

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7
Q

Classical conditioning

A

neutral stimulus is linked to another neutral stimulus & therefore acquires the power to elicit a consistent innate reflex

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8
Q

Maslow

A

Basic needs
Safety & security
Love & belonging
Self-esteem & status
Self Actualization

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9
Q

Bandura

A

suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn.

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10
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

The process of increasing the future probability of some behaviour by following that behaviour with a pleasant consequence.

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11
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

The encouragement of certain behaviours by removing or avoiding a negative outcome or stimuli.

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12
Q

Primary reinforcement

A

Something that is naturally reinforcing

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13
Q

secondary reinforcement

A

Something you have learned is a reward because it has historically been paired with primary reinforcement.

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14
Q

Neurotic disorders

A

Type of psychological disorder. People who suffer from neurosis usually experience very high levels of anxiety or tension

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15
Q

Neurotic disorders: Panic Attacks

A

A person with general anxiety disorder lives in a state of constant nervousness. People with this disorder usually overreact to any type of stress

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16
Q

Neurotic disorders: Phobias

A

Simple Phobias - fear of a specific thing or situation. You may have one phobia but be normal in all other aspects

Social Phobias - individuals with this class of phobia have an extreme fear of social situations and embarrassing themselves. The most common type is public speaking and eating in public

Agoraphobia - most common kind to seek professional help for. It is a fear of unfamiliar situations, which causes people to avoid open spaces, traveling, crowds, and may not leave their homes.

17
Q

Neurotic disorders: obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

the persistent intrusion of unwelcome thoughts, images, or impulses that carry anxiety.

18
Q

Neurotic disorders: eating disorders

A

Group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake

19
Q

psychotic disorders: Schizophrenia

A

Changes in behaviour or symptoms have been continuing for at least a period of 6 months.

Includes disorder of thought. Such as apathy. Inability to concentrate & social withdrawal

Most severe forms include hallucinations, delusions & unpredictable behaviour.

20
Q

Psychotic disorders: Bipolar DIsorders

A

Mood disturbance rather than thought disturbance

Mood is characterized by extreme highs (mania, extreme lows & depression)

Mania: may believe they are God or are amazing at everything (delusions of grandeur)

Depression: may hear voices that put them down

21
Q

Psychotic disorders: Depression

A

Include symptoms of psychosis
Very different from just feeling sad
Feelings of despair over a long period

22
Q

Psychotic disorders: PTSD

A

Natural reaction to terrible experiences: Bombings, assault, torture, death, etc

Symptoms:
Reliving the experience repeatedly
Avoiding reminders of the event
Losing emotions & loss of interest in activities
Feeling dread that something is going to happen

23
Q

Erikson’s stages of development:

A

Trust vs mistrust: needs
Autonomy vs shame: independence
Initiative vs guilt: responsibility
Industry vs inferiority: knowledge
Identity vs role confusion: who am I
Intimacy vs isolation: love
Generativity vs stagnation: guide
Integrity vs despair: reflect

24
Q

Freud: Psychosexual development theory

A

Oral (birth - 18 months): things with mouth
Anal (18 months - 3 years): toilet trainings
Phallic ( 3 - 6 years) : genitive pleasure
Latency ( 6 years - puberty): same gender friends
Genital ( puberty onward): develop sexual urges

25
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

An originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

26
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

A stimulus that naturally triggers a response

27
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Desire to perform a task for its own sake

28
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

Desire to perform a task due to external factors, such as a reward or the threat of punishment

29
Q

Freud Psychosocial Theory Defense Mechanisms: Repression

A

Occurs when thought, memory or feeling is too painful so they unconsciously push it out of conscious awareness

30
Q

Freud Psychosocial Theory Defense Mechanisms: Denial

A

Refusing to recognize or acknowledge objective facts or principles

31
Q

Freud Psychosocial Theory Defense Mechanisms: Displacement

A

Shifting impulses from an unacceptable target to a more acceptable or less threatening

32
Q

Freud Psychosocial Theory Defense Mechanisms: Projection

A

Subconsciously employ in order to cope with difficult feelings

33
Q

Neutral stimulus:

A

any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning

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