PSYCH 1010 Exam 2 Flashcards
Behaviorist Perspective
Observable behavior, conditioning, reinforcement modeling
Conditioning
The process of learning associations between stimuli and behavioral responses
UCR (Unconditioned Response)
No learning is needed because it is a natural response
UCS (Unconditioned Stimulus)
The thing that caused the natural response
NS (Neutral Stimulus)
Something that does not normally elicit the same natural reaction
CS (Conditioned Stimulus)
A neural stimulus that through repeated association with a UCS brings a similar response
CR (Conditioned Response)
The learned behavior that occurs when a natural stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus
BWE Natural Stimulus?
White Rat
BWE Unconditioned Stimulus?
Steel bar hit with a hammer
BWE Unconditioned Response?
Fear
BWE Conditioned Response?
No Fear
BWE Conditioned Stimulus?
White rat with hammer
Positive
Add
Reinforcement
Increased Behavior
Negative
Take Away
Punishment
Decreased Behavior
Positive Reinforcement
In response to behavior adding a stimulus that someone likes motivating them to do more of that behavior
Positive Punishment
In response to behavior adding a stimulus that the person does not like motivating them to decrease the behavior
Negative Punishment
In response to behavior take away a stimulus that someone likes motivating them to decrease the behavior
Negative Reinforcement
A behavior in place that allows us to take away a stimulus that someone does not like which motivates them to increase the behavior
Observational Learning
The learning of new behavior through watching the actions of a model or someone else
What are the 4 elements that must be at work when talking about observational learning?
Attention, memory, imitation, desire
Nondeclarative
Unconscious skills, habits and reflexes
Declarative
Conscious awareness of names, facts and events
Factors that play into long term memory?
Nondeclarative
Declarative
People
Stuff
Encoding
The process of transforming sensory information into a format that the brain can store and use
Short term memory
The ability to store a small amount of information for a short period of time
Working memory
the ability to temporarily store and use a small amount of information to complete a task
Maintenance rehearsal
Describe the process of continuing to pay attention to a piece of information
Serial position effect
Describes the findings that information at the beginning and end of a list is more likely to be remembered than the info in the middle
Cognitive psychologists assess…
How individuals comprehend and respond to the world around them.
- thinking
-creativity
-problem solving skills
Mental images
Forms of mental representation that allows us to make sense of all the information that we take in through our senses
Convergent thinking
Only one answer to the problem
Divergent thinking
Many different ideas or possibilities to solve a problem
Confirmation bias
The tendency to search the evidence that fits ones beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs
Insight learning
A type of learning that occurs when someone suddenly realizes how to solve a problem
Intelligence Test
IQ verbal and performance test
100 is the mean score for the IQ test
High emotional intelligence
Recognizing emotions, using emotions, adapting, empathizing, communicating, building relationships and managing conflict
Gardens Multiple Intelligence
A theory that describes how people learn and process information in different ways
Development
Age related changes in behavior and mental processing from conception to death
Objective Performance
By age 2, objects exist even when they are not in sight
Animism
Believing everything is alive and has feelings just like their own
Conservation
Not understanding that changing the appearance of an object does not change the objects nature
Securely atttached
- Content with mother in rom (will look to make sure they’re still there)
- When the mother leaves, the infant will get upset but okay when she returns
Avoidant
- Willing to explore and does not see if their mother is still in the room
- they have very little reaction to the mother, absence of her leaving or her return
Ambivalent
- Clinging and unwilling to explore
- upset by the stranger entering the room and with the mother even when she returns
Each stage of Erikson’s psychological development is considered?
An emotional crisis
