PSYCH 1010 Exam 1

Question 1

Definition of the study of psychology?

Answer 1

Study of mind and how it influences behavior (behavior and mental process)

Question 2

Identify the father of psychology and when and where he studied.

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt
1879
Psychology Lab in Germany

Question 3

Goals of psychology?

Answer 3

1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Control

Question 4

Seven modern-day perspectives?

Answer 4

1. Psychodynamic
2. Behaviorist
3. Humanist
4. Cognitive
5. Sociocultural
6. Biopsychological
7. Evolutionary

Question 5

Distinguish between a psychologist, a psychiatrist, and a social worker.

Answer 5

Psychologist- Focus on the mind, studying how people feel, think and behave.
Psychiatrist- Medical doctors that specialize in mental health.
Social Worker-Help people deal with challenging situations (divorce, illness, unemployment)

Question 6

Seven steps of the scientific process- be prepared to recognize what happens during each step and which goals of psychology are met during each step.

Answer 6

1. Perceive the question
2. Conduct background research
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis
5. Analyze data
6. Draw conclusions
7. Communicate results and replicate

Question 7

Types of research design. Distinguishing Descriptive from Experimental and Correlational.

Answer 7

Descriptive- Naturalistic observation, lab observation, surveys
Experimental- IV, DV, EG, CG
Correlational- Measure of relationship between 2 variables

Question 8

Recognize parts of the neuron.

Answer 8

Dendrites- Receive info from other neurons

Nucleus-Powerhouse

Myelin- Insulates the axon and aids in transmitting signals more quickly.

Axon Terminal- Responsible for transmitting signals to other neurons.

Soma- Core of the neuron (cell body

Axon- transmits electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body to other neurons or target cells

Question 9

What is the path the electrical current takes through a neuron?

Answer 9

Dendrite-Cell Body-Axon-Axon Terminal

Question 10

What is a neurotransmitter- where are they located?

Answer 10

Neurotransmitter- A chemical messenger molecule that carry signals across the synapse to other neurons.

Located in the axon terminal of a neuron

Question 11

Composition of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain?

Answer 11

Forebrain- Cerebrum (including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes), thalamus, and hypothalamus

Midbrain- Tectum and tegmentum

Hindbrain- Medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum

Question 12

The cortex- what does it do?

Answer 12

Responsible for the higher-level processes of the human brain, including language, memory, reasoning, thought, learning, decision-making, emotion, intelligence and personality.

Question 13

The lobes of the brain. Where are they located?

Answer 13

Frontal lobe (front of the brain), parietal lobe (behind the frontal lobe), temporal lobe (sides of the brain, near the ears), and occipital lobe (back of the brain).

Question 14

What does the first division of the nervous system consist of?

Answer 14

The central and peripheral

Question 15

What are the sensory receptors are for vision, hearing, taste, and small?

Answer 15

Vision- Rods and cones
Hearing- Hair cells situated within the cochlea of the inner ear
Taste- Taste receptor cells found in taste buds on the tongue
Smell- Olfactory receptors located in the lining of the nasal cavity

Question 16

What is the difference between perception and sensation?

Answer 16

Perception- Seeing things and how we see it. (Interpretation of sensation)
Sensation- The physical experience of seeing or hearing or sensing in some other way.

Question 17

Types of altered states of consciousness?

Answer 17

Daydreaming, hypnosis, meditation, drug induced, sleep

Question 18

Types of sleep disorders and their characteristics?

Answer 18

RBD- Body is not paralyzed during R. Acting out dreams. Can remember

Nightmares- frightening dreams during R. Not leaving bed.

Night terrors- very scary dream that one may get out of bed in reaction to- hard to remember during N.

Sleepwalking- Hereditary, get up, walk around, during N.

Insomnia- In ability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get quality sleep.

Sleep Apnea- Breathing stops for 10 seconds or more during sleep, snoring.

Narcolepsy- Immediate falling asleep, R, during the day.

Question 19

Theories on when and why we sleep?

Answer 19

Adaptive Theory- To avoid being eaten. (Prey sleep at night, predators sleep during the day)
Restorative Theory- good for our health (Replenishing and secreting of chemicals, brain repair)

Question 20

Psychoactive drug definition and categories?

Answer 20

Psychoactive Drugs- Chemical substances altering thinking, memory, perception.

Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens

Question 21

Difference between N and R sleep?

Answer 21

N- No rapid eye movement
R- Rapid eye movement

Question 22

Freud’s belief about dreams?

Answer 22

Dreams are the “royal road to the unconscious”.

Question 23

Theories on why we dream?

Answer 23

Activation Synthesis-
Activity in the pons
Our brain responds to dream stimulus instead of sensory stimulus.
Frontal lobe is shut down, so weird dreams occur.

Activation-Information-
Waking hours influence content of dreams- processing the day.

Question 24

Types of scans to examine the brain?

Answer 24

EEG
CT Scan
MRI
PET Scan