Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 101 > psych 101 Exam 4 > Flashcards

psych 101 Exam 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Health and Coping

what are two ways people deal with stress?

A

Problem - focused coping
Emotion - focused coping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what kind of threats trigger stress responseses

A

Uncontrollable threats

ex: human study
- nursing home residents die sooner because they have no control over their own schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why does perceived loss of control predict health problems?

A

Losing control increases stress hormones= blood pressure increase = immune response decrease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does increasing control improve?

A

improves health and morale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what causes information overload?

A

choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

external locus of control

A

Believe that chance or outside forces control their fate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

internal locus of control

A

believe they control their own destily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification

A

self -control

(not effected by internal/external locus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does willpower do?

A

temporarily depletes the mental energy needed for self-control on other tasks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does self-control require?

A

attention and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is does self-control predict?

A

Good adjustment, better grades, and social success.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a person that expects things to go badly and blames others?

A

pessimists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a person that
1) expects to have control, works well under stress and enjoys good health
2)has a longer life

A

optomist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does social support help fight illness?

A

calms cardiovascular system = lower blood pressure and stress hormone levels

stronger immune function bc^

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is open heart therapy?

A

a chance to confide painful feelings in close relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how can one reduce stress?

A

aerobic exercise, relaxation, meditation, and active spiritual engagement bring inner strength and lessen stress effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

aerobic exercise

A

sustained activity which increases heart and lung fitness and reducess stress, depression and anxiety

can increase quantity and quality of life
weakens genetic risk for obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

relaxation provides relief from …

A

headaches, high blood pressure, anxiety, and insomnia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

relaxation training

A

used to help type A heart attacks to reduce risk of future heart attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a type A male

A

aggressive and competitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

faith factor

A

religiously active people tend to live longer than non-active
because they have healthy behaviors, social support, and positive emotions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mindfulness meditation

A

reflective practice where people recall current experiences in a nonjudgmental manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An individual characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

A

Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Freuds psychoanalytic perspective

A

“what is happening below the surface?”
observed patients whos disorders had no clear physical explanations
and concluded that their problems reflected hidden away thoughts and feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

freuds major contributions

A
  • drew attention to the vast uncoscious
    -struggle to cope with sexualiy
    -
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

unconscious mind is now though of as …

A

information processing that occurs without awareness
ex: priming, implicit memories, emotions, and stereotypes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Projective test

A

triggers the projection of one’s inner dynamics and reveal unconscious motives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

rorschach inkblot test

A

most widely used Projective test
-seeks to ID peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of blots

BUT has low reliability and validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Maslow’s self-actualizing person

A

People are motivated by a hierarchy of needs and strive for self-actualization and self-transcendence.

potential for healthy personal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Rogers personal-centered perspective

A

growth promoting environment including genuineness acceptance, and empathy

unconditional positive regard and self-concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Evaluating humanistic theories

Influences such as education, child raising and management. lay the ground work for ….

A

positive psychology.
and renewed interest in the concept of the self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
  • see personality as stable and ednduring pattern behaviors.
  • genetic predispositions influence many traits.
  • ## puts labels without explanation
A

trait theorist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

brain activity scans of extravert indicate that they seek stimulation because

A

Normal brain arousal is relatively low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

dopamine leves tent to be lower or higher in extraverts?

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

introversion is Not shyness but often

A

people seeking low levels of stimulation from enviorment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

personality inventory

A

questionnaire - to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors
empirically derived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what are the Big Five personality factors

A

OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Big Five research questions

A

How stable are these traits?
Do self-ratings on these traits match others’ ratings?
do traits reflect differing brain structures
do these traits apply to various cultures
how well do these traits apply to various cultures
do the big five traits predict our actual behaviors?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Behavior is influenced by the interaction of our disposition with our enviorment.

A

the person-situation controversy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what traits are stable?

A

personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Person situation controversy:
consistency of specific behaviors from one situation to another is weak

A

Average behavior is predictable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

applies principals of learning cognition and social behavior to personality

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context

A

social cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

describes interaction and mutual influences of behavior, internal personal factors, and environmental factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

internal personal factors

A

-people choose different environments.
- personalities shape how people interpret and react to events.
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

social cognitive theories

A

build on concepts of learning and cognition
-best way to predict behavior is to observe it in similar situations.
-downplay the importance of unconscious motives emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

exploring the self

A

consideration of possible selves motivates toward pos development; too much focus may lead to spotlight effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

our self-worth

A

self-esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

our sense of competence on task

A

self-efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

high self- esteem correlates with

A

less pressure to conform, with persistence at difficult task, and with HAPPINESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

People are most overconfident when …

A

incompetent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

self-serving bias

A

more responsibility for good deeds than bad deeds for successes

“better than average”
self favorability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

scientific study of how we think about influences and related to one another

A

Social psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

feelings influenced by beliefs

A

attitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what is an action that can modify attitudes

A

foot in the door
cooperative actions feed to mutual liking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

when attitudes do not fit actions, tensions often reduce by changing attitudes to match actions

A

cognitive dissonance theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

social contagion

A

the more we mimic the greater our empathy and the more people like us

this is a form of conformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

ASCH and other found that ppl are likely to adjust their behavior or thinking with a group when…

A

they feel insecure
their group has more than three people
everyone else agrees
they admire the group’s status
they know they are being observed
their culture encourages respect for social standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

milgram’s obedience experiment

A

people obey orders ehrn they though they were harming another person,
great evild acts often grow out of peoples compliance with lesser evils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

findings from milgrams experiments

A

obedience was higher when:
- the person giving orders was close and looked like athourity figure
- the researcher was supported by a prestigious institution
- the victim was far or depersonalized
- there were no role models of defiance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

social facilitation

A

presence of others arouses ppl, and improves performance on easy tasks but decreases on difficult tasks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

social loafing

A

tendency for people in the group to exert less effort. group projects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

gorupthink

A

people are driven by a desire for harmony
people want to agree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

deindividuation

A

a loss of self awarness and self - retraint in a group

if i pull on a lever less than others the group wont notice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Implicit prejudice

A

Implicit racial associations

what decisions do we make unconsiously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative BEHAVIOR toward group and its members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Prejudice: its an attitude

A

An unjustifiable attiude twats a group and its members generally involves stereotypes and discriminatory actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

group polarization

A

Group discussion with LIKE-MINDED others/ group strengthens members’ beliefs and attitudes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

gender prejudice

A

has declined; specific group
discrimination still persists

66
Q

LGBTQ prejudice

A

39 % been rejected by family or friends
58% subject to slurs or jokes
54% have been harassed at school or work

67
Q

where do prejudice attitudes come from?

A

social inequalities, stereotypes

68
Q

in group

A

US- people with whome we share common ID

68
Q

social inequalities

A

lead to development of attitudes that justify the status quo

69
Q

out group

A

Them- those percieved as different or apart from our ingroup

70
Q

ScapeGoat theory

A

prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

high prejudice =economically frustrated people

70
Q

ingroup bias

A

tendency to favor our own group

71
Q

media provides —- — that children follow

A

social scrips

72
Q

A —— ——- increases prejudice

A

temporary frustration

73
Q

social - cultural factors in agression

A

social scrips
viewing sexual violence
playing violet games

74
Q

bystander effect

A

bystander to be less likely to give aid ( depends on # of ppl)
diffusion of responsibility

74
Q

altruism

A

unselfish concern for the welfare of others

75
Q

ex of altruism

A

similarity to self, being unhurried or in a good mood, feeling guilty raises the likelyhood of helping

76
Q

socialization norm

A

social expectation that says how we should behave

77
Q

reciprocity norm

A

people will favor each other by returning benifit for benefit

78
Q

social- responsibility norm

A

expectations that people should help those who depend on them

Kids to parents

79
Q

incompatibility of actions ,goals or ideas

A

conflict

80
Q

self intreast rather than the good of the group, become destructive in behavior

A

social trap

81
Q

enemy perceptions

A

people in conflict form negative, distorted images of one another

82
Q

psycological disorders

A

disturbance in an individuals Cognition, emotions regulation or behavior

83
Q

Diagnostic clasifications

A

predictions
treatment
research

84
Q

DSM-5

A

Describes disorders and estimates their occurrence

85
Q

DSM-5 Criticism

A

labels our judgment
pathologizing everyday life

86
Q

DSM-5 benefit

A

helps mental health professionals communicate
useful in research

87
Q

dissoreders equal danger?

A

NO, ppl with disorders are victims more than attackers

88
Q

risk factors

A

-academic failure
-birth complications
-substance abuse
trauna experience

89
Q

protective factors

A

aerobic exersice
high self-esteem
economic independance

90
Q

What are the two most common disorders

A

depression and anxiety

91
Q

Is poverty a risk factor?

A

yes

92
Q

anxiety disorders

A

Anxiety, OCD, PTSD

93
Q

def: anxiety disorders

A

continually tense and in a state of autonomuc nervous system

94
Q

sudden episodes of intense dread and often lived in fear of next attack

A

panic disorder; Anxiety

95
Q

irrational avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation

A

phobia

96
Q

Persistent and repetitive thoughts, actions or both

interfere with everyday life

A

OCD

97
Q

hunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, insomnia lingers 4 WEEKS or MORE AFTER traumatic experience

common in veterans
women are at higher risk

A

PTSD

98
Q

classical conditioning

A

panic prone ppl assciate anxiety with cue

99
Q

stimulus generalization

A

a fearful event later can become a fear of smiliar event. bomb and any loud noise.

100
Q

reinforcement

A

operant conditioning can help maintain a developed phobia

101
Q

genes

A

genetic predisposition to anxiety ptsd and ocd

102
Q

the brain

A

trauma links new fear pathways, hyperactive danger detection, habitual behavior areas of brain

103
Q

natural selection

A

biological preparedness to fear threats

104
Q

Major depressive dissoreder

A

2 or more weeks with 5 or more symptmes

105
Q

persistant depresive disorder

A

mildy depressed mood more often than not for at least 2 years alonf with at leat two other symptoms

106
Q

risk increases if family member has disorder

A

genetic influences

107
Q

mania

A

hyoeractive wildly optomistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common

107
Q

bipolar disorder

A

person alternates between hopelessness and overexcited state

less common
predictor for suicide

108
Q

what did pet scans for depressed people show?

A

less active frontal lobe
scarcity of neorepinephrine and serotonine

109
Q

Mediterranean diet

A

low risk of developing heart diseas, strole , and depression

110
Q

depressive disorders

A

biipolar disorder suicide and self injury

111
Q

rumination

A

over thinking over and over again

112
Q

depressed people

A

see the world and self negitively

113
Q

vicious cycle of depression

A

stress full experience -> neg explanatory -> depressed mood-> behavioral changes

114
Q

NSSI

A

Non suicidal self injury

cutting ect.

115
Q

more likely to occur if diagnosed with depression
more likely to occur when people feel disconnected from or burden to others

A

suicide

116
Q

day of the week ppl suicide

A

Wednesday

117
Q

reasons for NSSI

A

-reliefs guilt
-gain relief from intense neg thoughts through pain distration.
- gain attention/ asking for help

118
Q

Schizophrenia

A

split mind not split personality
-hallucinations delsuion, disorganization

119
Q

chronic schizophrenia

A

process schizo
appears in late adolescence or early adult hood
episodes last longer as get older

120
Q

acute schizo

A

reactive schizo
occur at any age
response to emotional trauma

121
Q

brain abnormalities in schizo brain

A

excessive dopamine receptors
low frontal lobe activity
more rapid tissue loss

122
Q

Prenatal risks for schizo

A

low birth weight
lack of O2 during delivery
midpregnacy viral infection

123
Q

odds og getting schizo

A

1in 100
but it fam has it 1in 10

124
Q

dissaciative dissorders

A

eating ,personality and dissociative

125
Q

dissociative dissorder explanation

A

awarness becomes separated from prev memories thoughts and feelings

126
Q

DID (Dissociative ID disorder

A

rare where a person shows two or more personalities

multiple persons

127
Q

anxiety
odd behaviors
impulse/ dramatic behaviors

A

Personality disorder

128
Q

psychotherapy

A

non medication
techniques derived from psychological perspective

129
Q

biomedical therapy

A

treatment with medical procedures
labotomy
medicine and other biological treatment

130
Q

eclectic approach

A

mix of techniques
talking to someone but also on meds

131
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

peoples potetial for self-fulfillment to give ppl new insights

132
Q

behavior therapies

A

Counter conditioning
exposure therapy
systematic desensitization

133
Q

counter conditioning

A

using classical conditioning to invoke new responses to stimuli and trigger unwanted behaviors

134
Q

exposure therapies

A

treat anxiety by exposing people to the things they fear

135
Q

VR exposure therapy

A

treats anxitey by electronic stimuli

136
Q

systematic desensitization

A

associate a pleasant relaxed state with gradual anxiety trigger

137
Q

aversive conditioning

A

conditioning an aversion to something the people should avoid

DOG BOWL SLOBBER

138
Q

Operant conditioning theory

A

consequenses drive behavior voluntary behaviors
have to do something to get rewarded

139
Q

behavior modification

A

desired behavior is reinforced; undesired in not and sometimes punished

140
Q

token economy

A

gain token for being good and then turn in token for treat

141
Q

cognitive therapies

A

teach people more adaptive ways for thinking

142
Q

Becks therapy for depression

A

gentle questions that reveal irrational thinking

trained to recognize and modify neg self-talk

143
Q

CBT (cognitive behavioral therapies

A

changes self-defeating thinking with changing behavior

144
Q

group therapy

A

used when people problems involve interactions with others

social anxiety

145
Q

Group therapy benifit

A

enables people to see that others share the same problems

146
Q

family therapy

A

opens up communication within the family to help and use resolution stategies

147
Q

is psychotherapy effective

A

hard to tell
ppl who no therapy - improve
ppl with therapy - improve more quickly and less recurance

148
Q

best for particular problems
cog and cog behavioral

A

anxiety, depression, PTSD

149
Q

best for particular problems
behavioral conditions therapy

A

bed-wetting, phobia, compulsion, marriage problems, sexual dysfuntion

150
Q

best for particular problems
psychodynamic therapy

A

depression and anxiety

151
Q

differences in cultural, moral values in psychotherapists

A

create mismatch

152
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

study of drug effects on mind and behavior

153
Q

drug therapies

A

widely used
27 million Americans take prescribed antidepressants

154
Q

Most common drugs for psychological dissorders

A

anti-psychotic
antianxiety
anti depressants
mood stabilizers

155
Q

Antipsychotic

A

mimic certain nt to reduce overreaction/ irrelavant stimuli
supports to treat schizo

156
Q

anti-anxiety

A

depresses CNS; xanax Ativan

used in combo with psychotherapy
may reduce symptom without resolving problem

157
Q

Anti depressants

A

increases norepinephrine or serotonin
SSRI

158
Q

mood stabilizers

A

depakote: contronls manic episodes
lithium; levels out emotions

159
Q

ECT electroconvulsive therapy

A

shocks the brain
involves general anasthetic
less memory disruption
reduced suicidal thoughts
effectiveness UNCLEAR

160
Q

transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS)

A

a week of currents directly to the scalp

studies do not confirm cognitive benefits

161
Q

repetative transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

magnetic energy to brain surface through colied wire helf close to brain

162
Q

deep brain stimulation

A

manipulates the depressed brain via pacemaker; stimulates inhibition activity related to negative emotions and thoughts

Psych 101 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions