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Psych 1 > Psych 1 - Exam 3 > Flashcards

Psych 1 - Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)

A
  • 5th Edition

- provides a clear diagnostic description of the various mental disorders

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2
Q

Concerns about DSM

4

A
  1. Danger of over diagnosis
  2. The power of labels
  3. Confusion of serious mental disorders with normal problems
  4. The illusion of objectivity
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3
Q

Diagnostic Interview

A

What is used to diagnose mental disorders

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4
Q

Advantages of DSM

2

A
  1. Improves reliability of diagnosis when used correctly

2. Helpful to decide the most effective treatment

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5
Q

5 Axis of DSM

A

Axis I: Clinical Disorders
Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation (Life Long)
Axis III: General Medical Conditions
Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

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6
Q

Axis I: Clinical Disorders

A

Anxiety, Mood, Substance Related, Dissociative, Psychotic, Eating, Sleeping, Impulse, Adjustment, Childhood Disorders, Delirium, etc

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7
Q

Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

A

Life Long

Cluster A: “Odd and Eccentric”

  • Paranoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Cluster B: “Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic, Impulsive”

  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Cluster C: “Anxious and Fearful”

  • Avoidant Personality Disorder
  • Dependent Personality Disorder
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
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8
Q

Axis II - Cluster A: “Odd and Eccentric”

A
  • Paranoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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9
Q

Axis II - Cluster B: “Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic, Impulsive”

A
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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10
Q

Axis II - Cluster C: “Anxious and Fearful”

A
  • Avoidant Personality Disorder
  • Dependent Personality Disorder
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
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11
Q

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID)

A
  • Standardized test that is used to gain a formal DSM diagnosis
  • Increases reliability and validity of diagnosis
  • separate versions for Axis I and Axis II
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12
Q

Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

A
  • Educational Problems
  • Occupational Problems
  • Housing, Economic, Access to Health Care problems
  • Legal Issues
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13
Q

Projective tests

A
  • Example: Rorschach inkblot test
  • Almost meaningless
  • Validity and reliability is very low
  • Used to help children open up
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14
Q

Objective tests (Inventories)

A
  • Standardized objective questionnaires requiring written responses
  • Typically uses scales for people to rate themselves
  • Usually more reliable and valid than projective tests
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15
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A
  • Widely used Objective test that rates personality on a ten scales of personality
  • Cant diagnose but can be used as a tool
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16
Q

Vulnerability-Stress Model

A

Emphasizes how individuals genetic vulnerabilities interact with external stressors or circumstances to produce mental disorders

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17
Q

Axis I: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A
  • General anxiety more days than not

- must transfer from one topic of anxiety to others

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18
Q

Axis I: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

A
  • Symptoms must persist longer than 1 month
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19
Q

Axis I: Panic Disorder

A
  • Recurring Panic Attacks
  • Must occur once out of the blue or during sleep
  • Must experience at least a month of anxiety about next attack
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20
Q

Agoraphobia

A
  • Fear of open spaces
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21
Q

Axis I: Specific Phobias

A
  • Anxiety about a particular stimuli

- Must be unavoidable and include intrusive thoughts about stimuli without it being present

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22
Q

Social Phobia

A
  • Persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur
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23
Q

Axis I: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A
  • Obsessive thought that cause high levels of anxiety which are combatted with compulsive rituals or behaviors
24
Q

Major Depressive Episode

A
  • Must include Depressed Mood every day during two weeks or more along side Diminished Pleasure in things that were once loved ALSO 1 other criteria

Other criteria:

  • weigh loss/gain
  • insomnia or hypersomnia nearly daily
  • restlessness/”slowed down” noticibely
  • fatigue or loss of energy nearly daily
  • feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
  • recurrent thoughts of death
25
Q

Manic Episode

A
  • Must last 3+ (4 if mood is only irritable)

Criteria:

  • inflated self-esteem
  • decreased need for sleep
  • more talkative than usual
  • racing thoughts or “flight of ideas”
  • extremely distractible
  • increased activity
  • excessive involvement in pleasurable activities with a high potential for painful consequences
26
Q

Axis I: Major Depressive Disorder

A
  • More often in females than males

- Depression lasting at least 2 weeks

27
Q

Axis I: Dysthymic Disorder

A
  • Milder, longer depression

- Depression lasting for at least 2 years with no more than a 2 month period of lack of symptoms

28
Q

Axis I: Bipolar Disorder

A
  • Highly hereditary
  • Onset in early 20s

2 Types

  • Bipolar I - full manic, full depressive
  • Bipolar II - full depressive, half manic
29
Q

Axis I: Schizophrenia

A
  • Must be persistent for 1 month with other symptoms for at least 6 months

Symptoms

  • Delusions and Hallucinations
  • Disorganized, incoherent speech
  • Grossly disorganized and inappropriate behavior
  • Negative symptoms
30
Q

Axis I: Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • Unable to maintain weight
  • More common in females than males

Two types

  • Restricting type
  • Bing-Eating/Purging Type
31
Q

Axis I: Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • Tend to be normal or above weight

- Inappropriate food intake followed by purging/excessive exercise

32
Q

Axis I: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A
  • Abnormally distressed by obsession with delusional or non-existant physical flaw
33
Q

Axis I: ADHD

A

3 types:

  • Predominately Inattentive
  • Predominately Hyperactive-Impulsive
  • Both
34
Q

Axis I: ASD

A
  • Social Interaction Impairment

- Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns

35
Q

Axis II: Diagnostic Criteria

A
  1. Enduring patterns - Life long
  2. Patter is inflexible and present across broad range of situations
  3. Stable for a long time/Starts in childhood or early adolescence
  4. Not better accounted for by another mental disorder
  5. Not due to drugs or health problems
36
Q

Axis II: Cluster A: “Odd and Eccentric”

A
  • Paranoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder
37
Q

Axis II: Cluster B: “Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic, Impulsive”

A
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder
38
Q

Axis II: Cluster C: “Anxious and Fearful”

A
  • Avoidant Personality Disorder
  • Dependent Personality Disorder
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
39
Q

Axis II: Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder

A
  • Primarily concerned with protecting themselves from a world that is out to get them
40
Q

Axis II: Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder

A
  • Not interested in any kind of social or sexual interaction
41
Q

Axis II: Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A
  • Live in a magical world
42
Q

Axis II: Cluster B: Antisocial Personality Disorder

A
  • Psychopaths

- More males then females

43
Q

Axis II: Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder

A
  • Primarily motivated by a feeling of emptiness and a fear of abandonment
  • Ritualistic cutters
44
Q

Axis II: Cluster C: Avoidant Personality Disorder

A
  • Motivated by feelings of inadequacy
45
Q

Axis II: Cluster C: Dependent Personality Disorder

A
  • Overly submissive and clingy

- Motivated by feelings of inability to care for themselves

46
Q

Axis II: Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder OCPD

A
  • Obsessed with orderliness and perfection
47
Q

Axis II: Cluster B: Histrionic Personality Disorder

A
  • Snooki Disease
48
Q

Intelectual Delay

A

Sub-average IQ ranging from 70-

49
Q

Anti-Psychotic Drugs

A

Increase levels of serotonin and block dopamine

  • Severe side effects
  • Used to treat schizophrenia along with severe depression and bipolar
  • Only treats positive symptoms of schizophrenia
50
Q

Anti-Anxiety Drugs

A

Benzos

  • increase GABA activity
  • immediate effects
51
Q

Lithium Carbonate

A

Used to treat bipolar

- moderates levels of norepinephrine by protecting cells from being over-stimulated by neurotransmitter glutamate

52
Q

Behavior therapy

A

uses principles of classical and operant conditioning to help change self-defeating behaviors

53
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

Taking something negative away

54
Q

CBT

A

Helps clients lear to explicitly identify and accept whatever negative thoughts and feelings arise, without trying to eradicate them or letting them derail healthy behavior

55
Q

Humanist Therapy

A

Base on assumption that people are basically good and that problems occur as a result of self-imposed limits

56
Q

Existencial Therapy

A

Dealing with the big question of life and purpose

Psych 1 (5 decks)

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