Psych 0427FA Flashcards by ashley bui

NTs in anxiety

increase: NE
decrease: GABA, serotonin

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NTs in depression

decrease: NE, serotonin, dopamine

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NTs in alzheimer dementia

decrease: ACh

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NTs in huntington

increase: dopamine
decrease: ACh, GABA

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NTs in parkinson

increase: serotonin, ACh
decrease: dopamine

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NTs in schizophrenia

increase: dopamine

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mature ego defenses

Sublimation
Altruism
Suppression
Humor

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ADHD tx

methylphenidate (ritalin)
amphetamines (dexedrine)
atomoxetine (nonstimulant SNRI)

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Tourette’s tx

antipsychotics - haloperidol

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causes of loss of orientation

time - place - person

alcohol
drugs
fluid/electrolyte imbalance
head trauma
hypoglycemia
nutritional deficiency

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retrograde amnesia

inability to remember things that occurred before CNS insult

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anterograde amnesia

inability to remember things that occurred after CNS insult (no new memory)

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Korsakoff’s amnesia

classic ANTEROgrade amnesia caused by THIAMINE deficiency and assoc. destruction of mammillary bodies.

may also include some retrograde amnesia.
seen in alcoholics.
assoc. with confabulations.

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dissociative amnesia

inability to recall important personal information, usu. subsequent to severe trauma or stress

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childhood and EARLY onset disorders

ADHD
oppositional defiant d/o
conduct d/o
Tourette's syndrome
separation anxiety d/o

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pervasive developmental d/o

characterized by difficulties with language and early loss of or failure to acquire social skills

autism
asperger’s d/o
Rett’s d/o (girls)
childhood disintegrative d/o (boys)

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cognitive d/o

significant change in cognition (memory, attention, language, judgment) from previous level of functioning

delirium
dementia

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psychosis

distorted perception of reality

signs:
hallucinations
illusions
delusions
loose associations

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visual hallucinations

more commonly a feature of MEDICAL ILLNESS

auditory hallucinations

more commonly a feature of PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS

olfactory hallucinations

aura of psychomotor epilepsy.

or in brain tumors.

tactile hallucinations

in alcohol withdrawal.

or in cocaine abuse.

subtypes of schizophrenia

must be > 6 mos.

paranoid (delusions)
disorganized (referring to speech, behavior, affect)
catatonic (automatisms)
undifferentiated (mix of all types)
residual

brief psychotic d/o

< 1 month.

stress-related.

schizophreniform d/o

1-6 mos.

schizoaffective d/o

at least 2 wks of stable mood with psychotic sx PLUS major depressive, manic, or mixed episode - bipolar or depressive types.

mood d/o

abn range of moods or internal emotional states and loss of control over them. severity of moods causes distress, impairment in social and occupational functioning. major depressive d/o bipolar d/o dysthymic d/o cyclothymic d/o

dx of manic episode

``` at least 3: Distractibility Irresponsibility Grandiosity Flight of ideas (racing thoughts) goal-directed Activities, psychomotor Agitation decreased need for Sleep Talkativeness/pressured speech ``` "manics DIG FAST"

tx of bipolar d/o

mood stabilizers - lithium, valproate, carbamazepine atypical antipsychotics

cyclothymic d/o

dysthymia (mild depression) and hypomania for AT LEAST 2 YRS | mild form of bipolar d/o

dx of major depressive d/o

``` "SIG E CAPS" Sleep disturbance loss of Interest (anhedonia) Guilt or feelings of worthlessness loss of Energy loss of Concentration Appetite and/or weight changes Psychomotor retardation/agitation Suicidal ideations ``` + depressed mood

tx of atypical depression

hypersomnia, overeating, mood reactivity. most common subtype of depression. MAO inhibitors, SSRI.

ECT as tx

for major depressive d/o refractory to other tx. | and for pregnant women with major depressive d/o.

RFs for suicide completion

``` "SAD PERSONS" Sex (male) Age (teen or old) Depression Previous attempt Ethanol or drug use loss of Rational thought Sickness (medical illness, 3+ Rx drugs) Organized plan No spouse lack of Social support ```

anxiety d/o

inappropriate fear/worry and anxiety (physical manifestations) when source of fear/worry is not real OR insufficient to account for severity of sx. interfere with daily life. ``` panic d/o phobias OCD PTSD generalized anxiety d/o ```

panic d/o

10-min long episodes. ``` at least 4: Palpitations, paresthesias Abd distress Nausea, lightheadedness Intense fear of dying, losing control Chest pain, chills, choking, disConnectedness Sweating, shaking, SOB ```

tx of panic d/o

cognitive behav therapy (CBT) SSRI TCA benzos

tx of OCD

SSRI | clomipramine

PTSD vs acute stress d/o

PTSD > 1 mo. | acute stress d/o lasts 2 days to 1 mo.

tx of PTSD

psychotherapy | SSRI

generalized anxiety d/o

pattern of uncontrollable anxiety for AT LEAST 6 MOS. tx: benzos buspirone SSRI

cluster A personality d/o

WEIRD: odd/eccentric inability to develop meaningful social relationships no psychosis 1. paranoid 2. schizoid 3. schizotypal

cluster B personality d/o

WILD: dramatic, emotional, erratic 1. antisocial 2. borderline 3. histrionic 4. narcissistic

cluster C personality d/o

WORRIED: anxious, fearful 1. avoidant 2. obsessive-compulsive 3. dependent

schizos

schizoid pd < schizotypal pd < schizophrenia < schizoaffective