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Uni > Psyc Test 2 > Flashcards

Psyc Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Big 5 personality traits

A
  1. Extraversion 2. Agreeableness 3. Openness 4. Neuroticism 5. Conscientiousness
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2
Q

Define personality

A

Characteristics that distinguish one person from another

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3
Q

Define Psychopathy

A

Mental illness or disorder / special form of personality disorder

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4
Q

Who believed there were two main types of Psychology & what were they?

A

Bernard Karpman
Primary & Secondary

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5
Q

Define Secondary and Primary psychopathy

A

Primary: Dodgy personality & affect
Secondary: Disorganised lifestyle

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6
Q

Define colonisation

A

Violent denial of indigenous people to continue governing themselves in their own land

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7
Q

Examples of colonisation

A

Destruction of culture & language, Genocide etc.

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8
Q

Effect of colonisation

A

Dislocation, racism, over-representation

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9
Q

Kaupapa Maori

A

By Maori, for Maori, With Maori

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10
Q

Principles of Kaupapa Maori research

A
  • Maori self determination
  • Cultural aspiration
  • Culturally preferred pedagogy
  • Socio - economic mediation
  • Extended family structure
  • Collective philosophy
  • Treaty of Waitangi
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11
Q

Ways of assessing support for Maori (barriers)

A

-Operational barriers
-Environmental barriers
-Staffing barriers

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12
Q

Adaptive vs Maladaptive

A

Adaptive - Flexibility, More positive well-being outcomes
Maladaptive - Not flexible, more negative wellbeing outcomes e.g. OCD

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13
Q

Examples of perfectionism

A

Concern over mistakes, personal standards, parental standards/criticism

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14
Q

What are mental disorders?

A

Brain disorders - understandable reactions to abnormal & stressful situation

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15
Q

Classification study in a health context

A

Allows clinicians to label a problem at hand, and connect this to research & pervious experiences

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15
Q

What are the two types of classification types & define

A

Descriptive - distinguishes between things based on observable features
Casual - Distinguishes based on some underlying cause of the groupings

16
Q

What is the DSM

A

Defines diagnoses using criteria and someone has to meet all the criteria to be diagnosed with a disorder

17
Q

Limitations fo DSM

A
  • Possible to meet DSM criteria for a disorder whilst having a very different set of symptoms
  • Two people can be diagnosed with the same disorder but have very different symptoms
18
Q

The DSM 5 defined anxiety disorders (S.P.A.G.S)

A
  • Social
  • Panic
  • Agoraphobia
  • Generalised
  • Specific phobia
19
Q

Define explanatory theory

A

Scientific explanation of how something works

20
Q

Examples of why we bother diagnosing people with disorders?

A

Treatment guidance, Illusion of understanding, Organisational structure

21
Q

Define transdiagnostic mechanism & example

A
  • A chunk of theory/explanation that seems to apply across different problems / diagnose
  • Clark’s model of panic tendency You feel anxious about anxious sensations in your body) - called anxiety sensitivity
22
Q

Define formulation

A

Theory of ones particular presenting problem - After doing an initial assessment will summarise their understanding of whats going on - Will be based off info gathered during the assessment & pervious knowledge

23
Q

What was Harlow’s study on monkey?

A
  • Cloth vs wire fake monkey mum created
  • ## Tested which of the fake mums would the baby spend time with
24
Q

Examples of Dichotomises in attachments

A

Nature vs nurture
Universal vs individual differences
Continuous vs discontinuous

25
Q

Who created the leading theory for attachment?

A

John Bowlby

26
Q

What did John Bowlby theorise about attachment?

A
  • Attachment is an all of nothing process
  • Carried out by an innate behavioural system
  • Goals of infants attachment behaviours is to get closer to the caregiver
27
Q

What does attachment behaviour look like?

A
  • All about distress e.g. separation distress, different greeting reactions
  • ‘Secure base’ behaviour - balance between closeness and exploration - safety is the key to explore
28
Q

How does prediction shape attachment?

A

Infant develop expectations about parental behavior & how quickly they’re going to respond
- Expectations creates an internal working model in the mind of infants

29
Q

Who did the ‘strange situation test’? and what was the goal?

A

Mary Ainsworth
Goal: To measure the quality of attachment in infant - caregiver relationships

30
Q

What are the 3 types of insecure attachment styles found?

A

Avoidant
Resistant
Disorganised

31
Q
A
31
Q

How can attachment affect outcomes later in life?

A
  • Avoidant attached - prioritise independence, difficulty with intimacy & emotional expression
  • Securely attached - High self-confidence & self-esteem, better relationships
  • Resistant attachment - Develop dependency, difficulty trusting, fear of intimacy

Uni (4 decks)

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