Psyc Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Big 5 personality traits

A
  1. Extraversion 2. Agreeableness 3. Openness 4. Neuroticism 5. Conscientiousness
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2
Q

Define personality

A

Characteristics that distinguish one person from another

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3
Q

Define Psychopathy

A

Mental illness or disorder / special form of personality disorder

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4
Q

Who believed there were two main types of Psychology & what were they?

A

Bernard Karpman
Primary & Secondary

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5
Q

Define Secondary and Primary psychopathy

A

Primary: Dodgy personality & affect
Secondary: Disorganised lifestyle

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6
Q

Define colonisation

A

Violent denial of indigenous people to continue governing themselves in their own land

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7
Q

Examples of colonisation

A

Destruction of culture & language, Genocide etc.

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8
Q

Effect of colonisation

A

Dislocation, racism, over-representation

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9
Q

Kaupapa Maori

A

By Maori, for Maori, With Maori

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10
Q

Principles of Kaupapa Maori research

A
  • Maori self determination
  • Cultural aspiration
  • Culturally preferred pedagogy
  • Socio - economic mediation
  • Extended family structure
  • Collective philosophy
  • Treaty of Waitangi
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11
Q

Ways of assessing support for Maori (barriers)

A

-Operational barriers
-Environmental barriers
-Staffing barriers

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12
Q

Adaptive vs Maladaptive

A

Adaptive - Flexibility, More positive well-being outcomes
Maladaptive - Not flexible, more negative wellbeing outcomes e.g. OCD

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13
Q

Examples of perfectionism

A

Concern over mistakes, personal standards, parental standards/criticism

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14
Q

What are mental disorders?

A

Brain disorders - understandable reactions to abnormal & stressful situation

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15
Q

Classification study in a health context

A

Allows clinicians to label a problem at hand, and connect this to research & pervious experiences

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15
Q

What are the two types of classification types & define

A

Descriptive - distinguishes between things based on observable features
Casual - Distinguishes based on some underlying cause of the groupings

16
Q

What is the DSM

A

Defines diagnoses using criteria and someone has to meet all the criteria to be diagnosed with a disorder

17
Q

Limitations fo DSM

A
  • Possible to meet DSM criteria for a disorder whilst having a very different set of symptoms
  • Two people can be diagnosed with the same disorder but have very different symptoms
18
Q

The DSM 5 defined anxiety disorders (S.P.A.G.S)

A
  • Social
  • Panic
  • Agoraphobia
  • Generalised
  • Specific phobia
19
Q

Define explanatory theory

A

Scientific explanation of how something works

20
Q

Examples of why we bother diagnosing people with disorders?

A

Treatment guidance, Illusion of understanding, Organisational structure

21
Q

Define transdiagnostic mechanism & example

A
  • A chunk of theory/explanation that seems to apply across different problems / diagnose
  • Clark’s model of panic tendency You feel anxious about anxious sensations in your body) - called anxiety sensitivity
22
Q

Define formulation

A

Theory of ones particular presenting problem - After doing an initial assessment will summarise their understanding of whats going on - Will be based off info gathered during the assessment & pervious knowledge

23
Q

What was Harlow’s study on monkey?

A
  • Cloth vs wire fake monkey mum created
  • ## Tested which of the fake mums would the baby spend time with
24
Examples of Dichotomises in attachments
Nature vs nurture Universal vs individual differences Continuous vs discontinuous
25
Who created the leading theory for attachment?
John Bowlby
26
What did John Bowlby theorise about attachment?
- Attachment is an all of nothing process - Carried out by an innate behavioural system - Goals of infants attachment behaviours is to get closer to the caregiver
27
What does attachment behaviour look like?
- All about distress e.g. separation distress, different greeting reactions - 'Secure base' behaviour - balance between closeness and exploration - safety is the key to explore
28
How does prediction shape attachment?
Infant develop expectations about parental behavior & how quickly they're going to respond - Expectations creates an internal working model in the mind of infants
29
Who did the 'strange situation test'? and what was the goal?
Mary Ainsworth Goal: To measure the quality of attachment in infant - caregiver relationships
30
What are the 3 types of insecure attachment styles found?
Avoidant Resistant Disorganised
31
31
How can attachment affect outcomes later in life?
- Avoidant attached - prioritise independence, difficulty with intimacy & emotional expression - Securely attached - High self-confidence & self-esteem, better relationships - Resistant attachment - Develop dependency, difficulty trusting, fear of intimacy