Psyc Test 2 Flashcards
Big 5 personality traits
- Extraversion 2. Agreeableness 3. Openness 4. Neuroticism 5. Conscientiousness
Define personality
Characteristics that distinguish one person from another
Define Psychopathy
Mental illness or disorder / special form of personality disorder
Who believed there were two main types of Psychology & what were they?
Bernard Karpman
Primary & Secondary
Define Secondary and Primary psychopathy
Primary: Dodgy personality & affect
Secondary: Disorganised lifestyle
Define colonisation
Violent denial of indigenous people to continue governing themselves in their own land
Examples of colonisation
Destruction of culture & language, Genocide etc.
Effect of colonisation
Dislocation, racism, over-representation
Kaupapa Maori
By Maori, for Maori, With Maori
Principles of Kaupapa Maori research
- Maori self determination
- Cultural aspiration
- Culturally preferred pedagogy
- Socio - economic mediation
- Extended family structure
- Collective philosophy
- Treaty of Waitangi
Ways of assessing support for Maori (barriers)
-Operational barriers
-Environmental barriers
-Staffing barriers
Adaptive vs Maladaptive
Adaptive - Flexibility, More positive well-being outcomes
Maladaptive - Not flexible, more negative wellbeing outcomes e.g. OCD
Examples of perfectionism
Concern over mistakes, personal standards, parental standards/criticism
What are mental disorders?
Brain disorders - understandable reactions to abnormal & stressful situation
Classification study in a health context
Allows clinicians to label a problem at hand, and connect this to research & pervious experiences
What are the two types of classification types & define
Descriptive - distinguishes between things based on observable features
Casual - Distinguishes based on some underlying cause of the groupings
What is the DSM
Defines diagnoses using criteria and someone has to meet all the criteria to be diagnosed with a disorder
Limitations fo DSM
- Possible to meet DSM criteria for a disorder whilst having a very different set of symptoms
- Two people can be diagnosed with the same disorder but have very different symptoms
The DSM 5 defined anxiety disorders (S.P.A.G.S)
- Social
- Panic
- Agoraphobia
- Generalised
- Specific phobia
Define explanatory theory
Scientific explanation of how something works
Examples of why we bother diagnosing people with disorders?
Treatment guidance, Illusion of understanding, Organisational structure
Define transdiagnostic mechanism & example
- A chunk of theory/explanation that seems to apply across different problems / diagnose
- Clark’s model of panic tendency You feel anxious about anxious sensations in your body) - called anxiety sensitivity
Define formulation
Theory of ones particular presenting problem - After doing an initial assessment will summarise their understanding of whats going on - Will be based off info gathered during the assessment & pervious knowledge
What was Harlow’s study on monkey?
- Cloth vs wire fake monkey mum created
- ## Tested which of the fake mums would the baby spend time with
Examples of Dichotomises in attachments
Nature vs nurture
Universal vs individual differences
Continuous vs discontinuous
Who created the leading theory for attachment?
John Bowlby
What did John Bowlby theorise about attachment?
- Attachment is an all of nothing process
- Carried out by an innate behavioural system
- Goals of infants attachment behaviours is to get closer to the caregiver
What does attachment behaviour look like?
- All about distress e.g. separation distress, different greeting reactions
- ‘Secure base’ behaviour - balance between closeness and exploration - safety is the key to explore
How does prediction shape attachment?
Infant develop expectations about parental behavior & how quickly they’re going to respond
- Expectations creates an internal working model in the mind of infants
Who did the ‘strange situation test’? and what was the goal?
Mary Ainsworth
Goal: To measure the quality of attachment in infant - caregiver relationships
What are the 3 types of insecure attachment styles found?
Avoidant
Resistant
Disorganised
How can attachment affect outcomes later in life?
- Avoidant attached - prioritise independence, difficulty with intimacy & emotional expression
- Securely attached - High self-confidence & self-esteem, better relationships
- Resistant attachment - Develop dependency, difficulty trusting, fear of intimacy
