PSYC 3330 - 4 (attention)

Question 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin’s modal model assumes

Answer 1

multiple memory systems

Question 2

What regions are in charge of perception and long-term storage?

Answer 2

non-frontal regions

Question 3

What regions are in charge of short-term maintence and manipulation?

Answer 3

frontal regions

Question 4

Single cell recodings:

Answer 4

-electrodes placed in/near neuron

-measure action potentials per second

Question 5

Event-related potentials (ERP)

Answer 5

-electrodes placed on skull

-measure summed potential of a lot of neurons

Question 6

ERP is based off what kind of reading?

Answer 6

EEG (signal averaged over many events)

Question 7

Read up on contralateral delay activity (CDA)

Answer 7

slides 18-23

Question 8

Read up on N2pc

Answer 8

slide 24-26, 35

Question 9

What is a component of active suppression?

Answer 9

distractor positivity (Pd) component

Question 10

How does the Pd work?

Answer 10

working memory contents protected by actively suppressing similar but irrelevant environmental stimuli (inhibiting irrelevant memory-matching external stimuli)

Question 11

Cognitive-behavioural paradigms (neurocognitive inhbition)

Answer 11

assess effects of ignoring distractors, stopping pre-potent actions, limiting perseveration on prior goal states

Question 12

Single unit and other brain recordings (neurocogntive inhibition)

Answer 12

assess the source and impact of inhibitory signals on neural activity (suppression)

Question 13

Distractor devaluation

Answer 13

ignoring a stimulus negatively affects its emotional tone

Question 14

Raymond, Fenske, & Tavassoli (2003) found that:

Answer 14

stimuli that are ignored become affectively devalued

Question 15

De Vito, Ferrey, Fenske, & Al-Aidroos (2018) found that:

Answer 15

-ignoring an item in working memory causes it to be devalued

-individual differences in attention and working-memory waveforms correlated with difference in distractor devaluation

Question 16

The Pd component is an index of:

Answer 16

active suppression

Question 17

Evaluative labeling

Answer 17

emotional connotations of ‘rejecting’ vs ‘accepting’ sufficient to explain distractor devaluation (category-level of artefact of instructions)

Question 18

More active suppression is required when interference from distractors is

Answer 18

similar to contents of working memory than other distractors (de-valued more than non-matching distractors)

Question 19

Read up on slide

Answer 19

57

Question 20

Inhibitory devaluation

Answer 20

inhibitory signals are interpreted by fronto-limbic regions as an avoidance-type process that triggers negative affect (associated with perceptual details of inhibited stimulus)