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Psychology 101 > PSYC 3 > Flashcards

PSYC 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

A

Cognitive Neuroscience

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3
Q

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

A

Dual Processing

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4
Q

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.

A

Blindsight

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5
Q

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

A

Selective Attention

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6
Q

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

A

Inattentional Blindness

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7
Q

Failing to notice changes in the environment.

A

Change Blindness

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8
Q

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

A

Circadian Rhythm

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9
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

A

REM Sleep

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10
Q

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

A

Alpha Waves

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11
Q

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.)

A

Sleep

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12
Q

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

A

Hallucinations

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13
Q

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

A

Delta Waves

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14
Q

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that responds to light-sensitive retinal proteins; causes the pineal gland to increase or decrease production of melatonin, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

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15
Q

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

A

Insomnia

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16
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

A

Narcolepsy

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17
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

A

Sleep Apnea

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18
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

A

Night Terrors

19
Q

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

A

Dream

20
Q

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

A

Manifest Content

21
Q

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content.

A

Latent Content

22
Q

The tendency of REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

A

REM Rebound

23
Q

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

A

Hypnosis

24
Q

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

A

Posthypnotic Suggestion

25
Q

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

A

Dissociation

26
Q

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

A

Psychoactive Drug

27
Q

With repeated use, achieving the desired effect requires larger doses.

A

Tolerance

28
Q

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

A

Addiction

29
Q

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

A

Withdrawal

30
Q

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

A

Physical Dependence

31
Q

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

A

Psychological Dependence

32
Q

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

A

Depressants

33
Q

(Popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal if suspended, and a drive to continue use.

A

Alcohol Dependence

34
Q

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

A

Barbiturates

35
Q

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

A

Opiates

36
Q

Drugs ( such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamines) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

A

Stimulants

37
Q

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

A

Amphetamines

38
Q

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

A

Nicotine

39
Q

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

A

Methamphetamine

40
Q

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

A

Ecstasy (MDMA)

41
Q

Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

A

Hallucinogens

42
Q

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

A

LSD

43
Q

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

A

Near-Death Experience

44
Q

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

A

THC

Psychology 101 (15 decks)

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