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PSYC*2310 > PSYC*2310 Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology > Flashcards

PSYC*2310 Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is social psychology?

A

The scientific study of the way in which a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by the real, imagined or implied presence of others

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2
Q

What are the three distinct, but inter-related topics that social psychologists address?

A
  • How we think about ourselves
  • How we think, feel, and act in the social world
  • How are attitudes and behaviours shape the social world
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3
Q

What is self-perception?

A

How we think about ourselves

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4
Q

What is self-presentation?

A

How we convey ourselves to others

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5
Q

What is social perception?

A

How people form impressions of and make inferences about other people and events in the social world

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6
Q

What is social cognition?

A

How we think about others and the social world

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7
Q

T or F: Social cognition is a type of social perception?

A

True

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8
Q

What is social influence?

A

The impact of other people’s attitudes and behaviours on our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours

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9
Q

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A

The process by which people’s beliefs about someone influence how they act towards them, which in turn, elicits the expected behaviour

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10
Q

What were the three major factors that influenced early research in social psychology?

A
  • Behaviourism
  • Gestalt psychology
  • Historical events
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11
Q

What is behaviourism?

A

A theory of learning that describes people’s behaviour as being learned through conditioning

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12
Q

What does behaviourism fail to explain?

A

The role of people’s thoughts, feelings, and attitudes

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13
Q

What is Gestalt psychology?

A

A theory that proposes objects are viewed holistically

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14
Q

What is a key idea in Gestalt psychology?

A

We sometimes experience more than what is supplied by our sensory perception

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15
Q

What is Kurt Lewin often considered the founder of?

A

Modern social psychology

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16
Q

Which prominent social psychologist focused on the role of social perception in influencing behaviour, group dynamics, and stereotyping and prejudice?

A

Kurt Lewin

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17
Q

Which branch of psychology studies an individual’s strengths and virtues?

A

Positive psychology

18
Q

The roots of positive psychology are in which branch of psychology?

A

Humanistic psychology

19
Q

What is the focus of humanistic psychology?

A

Individual potential and fulfillment

20
Q

What is the focus of cultural psychology?

A

How culture shapes individuals

21
Q

What is the sociocultural perspective?

A

A perspective describing people’s behaviour and mental processes as being shaped in part by their social and/or cultural context

22
Q

What is hindsight bias?

A

The tendency to see a given outcome as inevitable once the actual outcome is known

23
Q

Which branch of psychology focuses on the role of individual differences in explaining how people feel and behave?

A

Personality psychology

24
Q

What is an area of research that combines social and personality psychology?

A

The connection between trauma and coping

25
Q

What is the focus of clinical psychology?

A

Understanding and treating people with psychological disorders

26
Q

What is the focus of cognitive psychology?

A

Understanding mental processes like thinking, remembering, learning, and reasoning

27
Q

What is the social cognitive perspective?

A

A perspective that refers to how we think, make judgments, and make decisions about ourselves and the social world

28
Q

What is one way in which the disciplines of social psychology and philosophy are related?

A

Philosophical conclusions might be used as the basis for a hypothesis that is then tested by social psychologists using the scientific method

29
Q

How do sociologists and social psychologists differ?

A
  • Sociologists: focus on broad, group-level variables (ex. culture, social class and ethnicity)
  • Social psychologists: focus on the effects of immediate and specific variables on attitudes and behaviour (ex. mood, temperature, other people)
30
Q

What does evolutionary psychology examine?

A

How biological and evolutionary factors influence behaviour

31
Q

What are the two main focuses of social neuroscience?

A
  • How factors in the social world influence brain activity
  • How neural processes influence attitudes and behaviours
32
Q

What is behavioural economics?

A

The study of how social, cognitive, and emotional factors influence economic decisions

33
Q

What were the six dimensions Geert Hofstede proposed to categorize countries?

A
  • Long-term orientation
  • Uncertainty avoidance
  • Masculinity/femininity
  • Power distance
  • Indulgence vs. self-restraint
  • Individualism/collectivism
34
Q

Which value dimension focuses on the degree that people are integrated into groups?

A

Individualism/collectivism

35
Q

What are the 10 basic values proposed by Shalom Schwartz as reflecting human motivations and influence actions?

A
  • Conformity
  • Hedonism
  • Universalism
  • Benevolence
  • Self-direction
  • Stimulation
  • Power
  • Achievement
  • Tradition
  • Security
36
Q

What are the seven factors in the model proposed by cross-cultural psychologists that describe the self-construal concept?

A
  • Self-containment vs. connection to others
  • Self-direction vs. receptiveness to influence
  • self-reliance vs. dependence on others
  • Consistency vs. variability
  • Self-expression vs. harmony
  • Self-interest vs. commitment to others
37
Q

How is success defined differently between individualistic and collectivistic cultures?

A
  • Individualistic: defined in terms of individual accomplishments
  • Collectivistic: defined in terms of interpersonal relationships
38
Q

What is social constructionism?

A

The view that there is no absolute reality and that our knowledge and what we understand to be reality are socially constructed

39
Q

What is one of the strongest and most influential critiques of the mainstream?

A

Social constructionism

40
Q

What is “soft” social constructionism?

A

A view that acknowledges how some psychological phenomena can be tested used a scientific approach, even though some of our reality is socially constructed

41
Q

What are the three commitments involved in the scientific method?

A
  • Collecting accurate and error-free information
  • Objectivity and bias free data
  • Verifying information empirically
42
Q

What are the four main principles under which ethical research is performed?

A
  • Respect for the dignity of people
  • Responsible caring
  • Integrity in relationships
  • Responsibility to society

PSYC*2310 (6 decks)

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