PSYC 217 Textbook terms

Question 1

What can a background in research methods help you with

Answer 1

pg.2

Question 2

Relying upon anecdote, experience, or judgment to make sense of the world, without adopting a critical or questioning mindset

Answer 2

Intuition

Question 3

Any source of power or control that you place trust in because we think they know more than we do

Answer 3

Authority

Question 4

Not accepting something as true unthinkingly, but rather seeking out and evaluating the relevant evidence to shape our beliefs about what might be true

Answer 4

Scientific skepticism

Question 5

Gaining knowledge through systematic observations in the world

Answer 5

Empiricism

Question 6

Scientific observations are systematic and structured and evaluated objectively using the accepted methods of the discipline

Answer 6

Universalism

Question 7

Methods and results are to be shared openly

Answer 7

Communality

Question 8

Scientists should be motivated by an honest and careful quest for truth, and ideally are not motivated by fame, ego, or personal gain

Answer 8

Disinterestedness

Question 9

all new evidence and theories should be evaluated based on scientific merit, even those that challenge one’s own work or prior beliefs

Answer 9

Organized skepticism

Question 10

to repeat a research study to determine whether the results can be duplicated

Answer 10

replicate

Question 11

A process in which other scientists who are experts on the topic evaluate a research article before it is published

Answer 11

Peer review

Question 12

Capable of being shown to be false; a good scientific idea or theory should be

Answer 12

falsifiable

Question 13

A question that can be answered through empiricism or systematic observation

Answer 13

Empirical question

Question 14

Claims that are made with evidence to appear scientific, but this evidence is not based on the scientific method

Answer 14

Pseudoscience

Question 15

A change in one variable is accompanied by a change in another variable

When the cause is present, the effect occurs

Answer 15

Covariation of cause and effect

Question 16

the cause comes before the effect

Answer 16

temporal precedence

Question 17

ensuring that there are no other explanations for what might have caused an outcome

Answer 17

ruling out alternative explanations

Question 18

Research that attempts to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior

Answer 18

Basic Research

Question 19

Research conducted to address practical problems and proposal potential solutions

Answer 19

Applied Research

Question 20

Two events occur closely in time, this draws out attention