PSY7709 Week 7 Terminology Flashcards
A stimulus change or condition that functions to evoke a behavior that has terminated it in the past, as a punisher when presented following behavior, and/or as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior.
aversive stimulus
A behavior that prevents an aversive event.
avoidance behavior
A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus.
avoidance contingency
Schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time for two or more different behaviors.
compound schedule of reinforcement
Two or more of different behaviors or response options are concurrently available for the person.
concurrent operants
A procedure in which a specific desirable behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are not. The result is an increase in the desirable behavior and extinction of the other behaviors.
differential reinforcement
Behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.
escape behavior
A contingency in which a response terminates (produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus.
escape contingency
Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to escape the aversive situation.
sensory extinction
The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.
extinction
An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.
extinction burst
A schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an interval of time has elapsed.
fixed interval
A schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of responses must occur before the reinforcer is delivered.
fixed ratio
A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence. No discriminative stimuli are correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any time.
mixed schedule
A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; a discriminative stimulus is correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any time.
multiple schedule
A response behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus, or a decrease in the intensity of the stimulus, that decreases the future frequency of similar responses under similar conditions.
negative punishment
Behavior that acts on the environment to produce an immediate consequence and, in turn, is strengthened by that consequence.
operant behavior
Occurs when a behavior in a particular situation is followed by a reinforcing consequence, thus making the behavior more likely to occur in similar circumstances in the future.
operant conditioning
A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior.
positive punishment
A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual’s behavior. Progressive ratio (PR) and progressive interval (PI) schedules are thinned using arithmetic or geometric progressions.
limited schedule of reinforcement
The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence.
recovery from punishment procedure
The relative frequency with which operant behavior is emitted during extinction.
resistance to extinction
Behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.
respondent behavior
A process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, which elicits an unconditioned response.
respondent conditioning
The process by which, when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus gradually ceases to elicit the conditioned response.
respondent extinction
A single instance of an occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior.
response
The process by which behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking or removing the sensory consequence.
sensory extinction
A behavioral effect associated with extinction in which the behavior suddenly begins to occur after its frequency has decreased to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely.
spontaneous recovery
A schedule of reinforcement identical to the chained schedule except that, like the mixed schedule, the tandem schedule does not use discriminative stimuli with the elements in the chain.
tandem schedule
A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response that occurs after a specified time interval is reinforced.
variable interval
A schedule of reinforcement in which a specified but variable number of responses is needed for the delivery of the reinforcer.
variable ratio
