PSY7709 Week 7 Terminology

Question 1

A stimulus change or condition that functions to evoke a behavior that has terminated it in the past, as a punisher when presented following behavior, and/or as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior.

Answer 1

aversive stimulus

Question 2

A behavior that prevents an aversive event.

Answer 2

avoidance behavior

Question 3

A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus.

Answer 3

avoidance contingency

Question 4

Schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time for two or more different behaviors.

Answer 4

compound schedule of reinforcement

Question 5

Two or more of different behaviors or response options are concurrently available for the person.

Answer 5

concurrent operants

Question 6

A procedure in which a specific desirable behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are not. The result is an increase in the desirable behavior and extinction of the other behaviors.

Answer 6

differential reinforcement

Question 7

Behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.

Answer 7

escape behavior

Question 8

A contingency in which a response terminates (produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus.

Answer 8

escape contingency

Question 9

Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to escape the aversive situation.

Answer 9

sensory extinction

Question 10

The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.

Answer 10

extinction

Question 11

An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.

Answer 11

extinction burst

Question 12

A schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an interval of time has elapsed.

Answer 12

fixed interval

Question 13

A schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of responses must occur before the reinforcer is delivered.

Answer 13

fixed ratio

Question 14

A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence. No discriminative stimuli are correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any time.

Answer 14

mixed schedule

Question 15

A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; a discriminative stimulus is correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any time.

Answer 15

multiple schedule

Question 16

A response behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus, or a decrease in the intensity of the stimulus, that decreases the future frequency of similar responses under similar conditions.

Answer 16

negative punishment

Question 17

Behavior that acts on the environment to produce an immediate consequence and, in turn, is strengthened by that consequence.

Answer 17

operant behavior

Question 18

Occurs when a behavior in a particular situation is followed by a reinforcing consequence, thus making the behavior more likely to occur in similar circumstances in the future.

Answer 18

operant conditioning

Question 19

A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior.

Answer 19

positive punishment

Question 20

A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual’s behavior. Progressive ratio (PR) and progressive interval (PI) schedules are thinned using arithmetic or geometric progressions.

Answer 20

limited schedule of reinforcement

Question 21

The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence.

Answer 21

recovery from punishment procedure

Question 22

The relative frequency with which operant behavior is emitted during extinction.

Answer 22

resistance to extinction

Question 23

Behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.

Answer 23

respondent behavior

Question 24

A process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, which elicits an unconditioned response.

Answer 24

respondent conditioning

Question 25

The process by which, when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus gradually ceases to elicit the conditioned response.

Answer 25

respondent extinction

Question 26

A single instance of an occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior.

Answer 26

response

Question 27

The process by which behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking or removing the sensory consequence.

Answer 27

sensory extinction

Question 28

A behavioral effect associated with extinction in which the behavior suddenly begins to occur after its frequency has decreased to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely.

Answer 28

spontaneous recovery

Question 29

A schedule of reinforcement identical to the chained schedule except that, like the mixed schedule, the tandem schedule does not use discriminative stimuli with the elements in the chain.

Answer 29

tandem schedule

Question 30

A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response that occurs after a specified time interval is reinforced.

Answer 30

variable interval

Question 31

A schedule of reinforcement in which a specified but variable number of responses is needed for the delivery of the reinforcer.

Answer 31

variable ratio