PSY2004 SEMESTER 1 - WEEK 10 READING Flashcards
name 2 key stages in human evolutionary development of cooperations
- adaptation to allow dyadic cooperation (joint intentionality)
- adaptation to cooperate in larger culture (collective intentionality)
what kind of cognitions are apes able to make
causal inference (thinking), cognitively representing problem, using available tools, understand others as intentional agents, use this to predict their behaviours, but DO NOT have human-like shared intentionalities
what are ape relationships based on?
cooperation, dominance, with reciprocal help of grooming, sharing food, sympathy for kin
what kind of coordination/collaboration are found in apes
individualistic coordination= use other as social tool to maximise own gain
basic skills of collaboration but not working together toward goal
outline executive regulation in apes
self monitor own actions, thinking, makes decision based on assessing what they did/didn’t know
cannot monitor their own action, thinking, based on others perspectives/evaluations
what is a joint agent
2 individuals who have joint goal, structured by joint attention, each of whom has at same time own individual goal (dual-level structure - simultaneous sharedness and individuality)
what is important in choosing those with whom to develop joint goals
avoiding socially/moral uncooperativeness
define second-person morality
tendency to relate to others, face to face, with heightened sense of sympathy, for a potential partner and sense of fairness based on genuine assessment of both self and other as equally deserving partners in collaborative enterprise
what 3 adaptations does ontogenetic hypothesis include to form base of human psychological development
great ape individual intentionality
early human joint intentionalities
modern human collective intentionality
at what age do skills, motivations of joint intentionality emerge
9 months
at what age do skills, motivations of collaborative intentionality emerge
3 years
what do skills, motivations of collaborative intentionality include
understanding of convention, impartial sense of fairness
summarise what human ontogeny means
over our evolution, ontogenetic pathways can change in content, timing, plasticity to adapt to our specific environment, but are adaptive only at particular developmental periods then disappears
what are deffered adaptations
important for success of reproducing adults, and emerges during childhood
how is Evo-Devo epigenetic
not focusing on genes but gene expression as it manifests in ontogenetic processes transacting with environments and with one another, creating phenotype
what is transactional causality
maturational capacities create possibility of new kinds of experiences and learning then those learning experiences are proximate causes of development
what is representational redescription
child attempts to find coherence and consistency in understanding how things work by redescribing them on ever more abstract executive levels
what is individual self-regulation of unique content
child is confronted with conflicting perspectives on same thing, solution is to reconceptualise to coordinate different perspectives
what is social self-regulation
individual appropriates perspective/values of other to use as standard in self-regulatory process, taking different forms such as behaving different when being watched by a peer changing action to facilitate a listener, or a child internalising an adults instruction to voluntarily direct own attention and actions
what is normative self-governance
similar to social self-regulation but is more generalised and more authoritative and involves regulating thought and action by how efficacious they will be, how it will affect another and also by how it will fit into norms of social groups
