PSY Test Four Flashcards
refers to a combination of long-lasting and distinctive behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that typify how we react and adapt to other people and situations.
personality
is an organized attempt to describe and explain how personalities develop and why personalities differ.
theory of personality
emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences, unconscious or repressed thoughts that we cannot voluntarily access, and the conflicts between conscious and unconscious forces that influence our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
freud’s psychodynamic theory of personality
are wishes, desires, or thoughts that we are aware of, or can recall, at any given moment.
conscious thoughts
represent wishes, desires, or thoughts that, because of their disturbing or threatening content, we automatically repress and cannot voluntarily access.
unconscious forces
is a Freudian concept that refers to the influence of repressed thoughts, desires, or impulses on our conscious thoughts and behaviors.
unconscious motivation
Freud’s three techniques to uncover the unconsiousness
free association, dream interpretation, analysis of slips of the tongue
is a Freudian technique in which clients are encouraged to talk about any thoughts or images that enter their head; the assumption is that this kind of free-owing, uncensored talking will provide clues to unconscious material.
free association
a Freudian technique of analyzing dreams, is based on the assumption that dreams contain underlying, hidden meanings and symbols that provide clues to unconscious thoughts and desires.
dream interpretation
are mistakes or slips of the tongue that we make in everyday speech; such mistakes, which are often embarrassing, are thought to reflect unconscious thoughts or wishes.
freudian slips
three separate mental processes
id, ego, superego
which is Freud’s first division of the mind to develop, contains two biological drives—sex and aggression—that are the source of all psychic or mental energy;
id
operates to satisfy drives and avoid pain, without concern for moral restrictions or society’s regulations.
pleasure principle
executive Negotiator between Id and Superego
ego
which is Freud’s second division of the mind, develops from the id during infancy
ego
is a policy of satisfying a wish or desire only if there is a socially acceptable outlet available.
reality principle
which is Freud’s third division of the mind, develops from the ego during early childhood;
superego
in Freudian theory, is an uncomfortable feeling that results from inner conflicts between the primitive desires of the id and the moral goals of the superego.
anxiety
are Freudian processes that operate at unconscious levels and that use self-deception or untrue explanations to protect the ego from being overwhelmed by anxiety.
defense mechanisms
involves covering up the true reasons for actions, thoughts, or feelings by making up excuses and incorrect explanations.
rationalization
is refusing to recognize some anxiety-provoking event or piece of information that is clear to others.
denial
falsely and unconsciously attributes your own unacceptable feelings, traits, or thoughts to individuals or objects.
projection
involves substituting behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are the direct opposite of unacceptable ones.
reaction formation
involves transferring feelings about, or response to, an object that causes anxiety to another person or object that is less threatening.
displacement