Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VCE > PSY - Research Methods > Flashcards

PSY - Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

What is an experiment characterised by?

A

Manipulate participant’s experiences, whether causes predetermined response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a survey characterised by?

A

Ask re. thoughts, feelings and behaviours, questionnaire or interview

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do all research methods have?

A

Scientific principles/rules

Use of a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of research methods?

A

Experiment, Observational Study, Case Study, Survey, Interview, Rating Scales, Longitudinal Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Correlational Studies, Self-Reports, Questionnaires, Twin Studies, Adoption Studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three categories of research methods?

A

Determined by whether involve experiment &/or type of data

Experimental
Descriptive
Correlational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is characteristic of experimental research?

A

If one variable > change in another variable
IV / DV / EV
Settings
Groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

What is manipulated (cause)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

Measure effect of IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two types of experimental settings?

A

Laboratory (setting/experiment)

Field (setting/experiment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are extraneous variables?

A

Those other than the IV that > change in DV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two groups in experiments?

A

Experimental (_ condition, IV = present)

Control(_ condition, IV = absent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the advantages of experiments?

A
  • IV is changeable
  • B/c it is controlled setting, can re-test
  • Reporting > replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a sample?

A

Subsection of participants from population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the population?

A

Entire group of research interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is sampling?

A

Process selecting sample

If scientific > generalise to population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a representative sample?

A

Same as population in personal characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Every member in population has equal chance of being selected for sample, if not equal = biased

Eg. List (‘Sampling frame’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Divide population into strata (based on personal characteristics)
Select from strata in population’s ratios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is random-stratified sampling?

A

Random sampling per stratum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is random allocation/assignment?

A

Equal chance of being put into experimental or control groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is characteristic of descriptive research?

A

Describe thoughts, feelings, & behaviour as they occur in the time and place

22
Q

What are case studies?

A

In-depth, study small behaviour or event

Called case history/clinical observation (for treatment)

23
Q

What are the advantages of case studies?

A
  • actual (no manipulation)
  • how others think/feel/behave
  • source of hypotheses to do other research on
24
Q

What are observations and observational studies?

A

Observation: means by which to study phenomena in nature

Observational studies: collect data by watching & recording behaviour

25
Q

What are the two types of observational studies?

A
  1. Naturalistic: unnoticed

2. Participant: involved, not recognised as actual experimenter

26
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of observational studies?

A
  • real

- co-operation not needed

27
Q

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

A

QUAL: descriptions, words, images, texts, of characteristics of behaviour and mental processes, can be in Quan form

QUAN: amount of what is studied, test data, easy to interpret

28
Q

What is qualitative and quantitative research?

A

QUAL research = qual data etc…

Research can produce both

29
Q

What are the three steps regarding research data and statistics?

A
  1. Summarise and describe
  2. Interpret
  3. Explain
30
Q

What are the two types of statistics?

A
  1. Descriptive (%, averages, prepare tables…) - summarise and describe phase
  2. Inferential (probability of results due to IV) interpret phase
31
Q

What are characteristics of tables and graphs?

A

Numbered, titled, headers and sub headers / labels of axes or columns and rows

32
Q

What is a bar graph?

A

Bar: compare categories, separate bars

33
Q

What document outlined research ethics?

A

(2007) National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research” by NHMRC, Australian Research Council, Australian Vice-Chancellors Committee

34
Q

What are the experimenter’s rights and responsibilities?

A

Balance risks and gains

Participant’s rights are main concern

35
Q

What are the 6 participant rights?

A
  1. Confidentiality: any info r.e. involvement needs written consent
  2. Voluntary Participation: no neg consequences if decline, no pressure
  3. Withdrawal Rights: inform of procedure, free to withdraw self or results
  4. Informed Consent: procedures, risks, demands and disadvantages, info collection/storage/access, confidentiality, withdrawal rights, outcomes, how made public
  5. Deception: no distress, debrief required
  6. Debriefing: understand, end, services eg. counselling
36
Q

What percentage of research has non-human participants?

A

~10%

37
Q

What animals are commonly used in research?

A

5% are primates

Mice, rats, hamsters, pigeons

38
Q

What are the reasons for using animals in research?

A
  1. Interest in animal behaviour (ethology)
  2. Psych/physical harm to humans / people unavailable
  3. Biology = same > good starting point
  4. Practical (rats old age = 2 years) or breed faster (rats = 3 mths) lab confinement / captivity
  5. Behaviour control (eg in a cage)
  6. Large numbers with similar genetic makeup
  7. Removes participant expectations
39
Q

What are the limits and restrictions on animal testing in research?

A
  • Hard to generalise
  • Dominates / sense of superiority
  • Should respect animal kingdom
  • NHMRC “Guidelines to Promote the Wellbeing of Animals used for Scientific Purposes (2008)
40
Q

What are the steps in psychological research?

A
  1. Identify Research Problem (literature search)
  2. Construct Research Hypothesis (testable, r.e relationship between 2 or more events, guess related to results, statement, clear, 1 sentence
  3. Design Method (considered w/ hypothesis, consider sample)
  4. Collect Data (‘raw data’, observations, questionnaires, interviews)
  5. Analyse Data (logical, support hypothesis?)
  6. Interpret Data (conclusions: 1-hypothesis supported? 2-generalisation, if yes then test has external validity)
  7. Report Research Findings (conference, journal, background info/method/findings/application/problems encountered/references
41
Q

What are the characteristics of human research ethics committees?

A

Review proposals

  1. Design / conduct ethically
  2. Researcher = experienced
  3. Monitor research ongoing
  4. Complaints
  5. Researcher accountability

Ratios: 2 w/ relevant research exp, lawyer, pastoral carer, counsellor, 2 from public, 1/3 from outside company, at least 8

42
Q

What are the two types of extraneous variables?

A

Participant

Experimenter

43
Q

What are uncontrolled extraneous variables called?

A

Confounding

44
Q

What are the disadvantages of experimental research?

A
  • Field = uncontrollable
  • Lab = too artificial
  • Lab can’t measure emotions/social issues
45
Q

What are the disadvantages of case studies?

A
  • can’t test hypotheses unless multiple case studies
  • sample size is too small
  • hard to generalise
  • prone to bias (participant and experimenter)
46
Q

What are the disadvantages of observational studies?

A
  • may not see
  • may dismiss
  • requires patience
  • can’t do in controlled lab setting
  • hard to find cause
  • observer bias
47
Q

Why is describing research as qualitative or quantitative misleading?

A

Suggests research methods ONLY suitable for collecting one type or can ONLY produce on type

48
Q

What is a histogram?

A

Histograms: bars touch, frequency, x-axis = continuous info

49
Q

What is a pie graph?

A

Pie: proportions of values of 100%

50
Q

What is a line graph?

A

Line: relationship between 2 variables

51
Q

What is a frequency polygon?

A

Frequency Polygon: frequency, line graph, MUST zero both x-sides

VCE (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions