Psy: MC Questions Flashcards
Strategy to guess the same in every trial so in the long run you will be correct the amount equal to the
choice’s individual probability (guessing red every time)
A. maximizing
B. matching
C. reasoning
D. priming
A. maximizing
Differences in perceiving, remembering, and thinking that result from differences in language
A. heretability
B. deductive reasoning
C. linguistic relativity
D. incubation period
C. linguistic relativity
Well-established habit of perception or thought
A. matching
B. analogy
C. verbal subtests
D. mental set
D. mental set
Unschooled non-westerners don’t deal with Western-style logic problems in he same way that
Westerners do; they take a more concrete, practical, and functional approach
-compared with Westerners, people from East Asian cultures perceive more holistically- that is, in a more
contextual, integrated, and relational way. This focus on whole as opposed to parts can affect memory
and reasoning
A. cross-cultural differences in perception and reasoning
B. crystalized intelligence
C. deductive reasoning
D. egocentric frame of reference
A. cross-cultural differences in perception and reasoning
Presents a major premise, or proposition, and a minor premise that you must combine mentally to see if
a particular conclusion is true, false, or indeterminate
A. reasoning
B. analogy
C. syllogism
D. priming
C. syllogism
The symbols in a language, the smallest meaningful units of a language that stand for objects, ideas, events, characteristics, or languages -words -prefixes -suffixes
A. phonemes
B. autism
C. morphemes
D. grammar
C. morphemes
Represent abstract principles that apply to a wide variety of objects, substances, or situations
-begins roughly with the onset of adolescence and continues throughout adulthood
-permit a person to think theoretically and apply principles even to actions that cannot actually be
performed
A. operational schemes
B. formal-operational stage
C. concrete operational stage
D. preoperational stage
B. formal-operational stage
Pidgin language develops into a true language with a full range of grammatical rules– developed mostly
by children
A. core principles
B. creole language
C. cooing
D. pidgin language
B. creole language
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs- the morphemes that carry the main meaning of the sentence
A. morphemes
B. grammatical morphemes
C. core principles
D. content morphemes
D. content morphemes
Includes articles, conjunctions, prepositions, and some prefixes and suffixes- fill out the grammatical
structure of the sentence
A. content morphemes
B. grammatical morphemes
C. operational schemes
D. morphemes
B. grammatical morphemes
Child psychologist who contended that the emotional bond between human infant and adult caregiver is
promoted by a set of instinctive tendencies in both partners- infants crying, and smiling, cooing,
babbling, when comforted and adult’s pleasure at receiving those signals
-babies enter the world biologically prepared to learn who their caregivers are and to elicit from them
the help that they need
A. John Bowlby
B. world of boys
C. empathy
D. gender
A. John Bowlby
Characterized as consisting of smaller, more intimate groups, in which cooperative forms of play
predominate and competition, although not absent, is more subtle
A. gender
B. world of boys
C. Paradox of aging
D. world of girls
D. world of girls
Those who enjoy the adrenaline rush associated with risky behavior
A. sensitive care
B. gender
C. sensation seekers
D. empathy
C. sensation seekers
The methods by which parents and other caregivers attempt to stop or correct their children’s
misbehaviors
A. guilt
B. empathy
C. Discipline
D. attachment
C. Discipline
First experimental evidence for a causal relationship between sensitive parenting and secure attachment
-mothers with temperamentally irritable babies
-half the mothers participated in a training program to help and encourage mothers to perceive and
respond appropriately to their babies’ signals and half did not
-at 12 months the babies were tested in the strange situation test and 62% of babies whose mother had
training showed secure attachment while only 22% of the other group did
A. John Bowlby
B. Dymphna van den Boom
C. world of boys
D. indulgent parenting
B. Dymphna van den Boom
Term attributed by Fritz Heider to human beings, who are “naturally interested in assessing the
personality characteristics and attitudes of other humans they encounter”
A. Lee Ross
B. Naive psychologists
C. Free choice
D. Social psychology
B. Naive psychologists
Cultures that emphasize the interdependence of people with others in their families, communities, and
social groups; predominantly in Africa, Latin America, and East Asia
A. Collectivist cultures
B. Implicit stereotypes
C. Cognitive misers
D. Individualist cultures
A. Collectivist cultures
The process of comparing ourselves with others in order to identify our unique characteristics and
evaluate our abilities
A. Konrad Lorenz
B. Situation
C. Social identity
D. Social comparison
D. Social comparison
A technique for cuing implicit memories by providing cues that stimulate a memory without awareness
of the connection between the cue and the retrieved memory
A. Priming
B. Biases
C. Public
D. Attitude
A. Priming
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the
situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition; coined by Lee Ross
A. Fundamental attribution error
B. Self-serving attributional bias
C. Attribution
D. Attribution condition
A. Fundamental attribution error
Condition in which a test was described as a “mathematics test” and the students were informed that
their gender might play a role in their performance; men scored significantly higher than women
A. Non-threat condition
B. Stereotype-threat condition
C. Stereotype threat
D. Robert Cialdini
B. Stereotype-threat condition
Researcher who noticed that social facilitation usually occurs with relatively simple or well-learned tasks,
and that social interference usually occurs with complex tasks or tasks that involve new learning;
proposed that “The presence of others facilitate performance of dominant actions and interferes with
performance of non-dominant actions”
A. Robert Zajonc
B. Social pain
C. Robert Axelrod
D. Robert Cialdini
A. Robert Zajonc
Researcher who set up the obedience experiment in which a “teacher” or “teachers,” at the command of
an authority figure, delivered a series of increasingly harsh shocks to one “learner” who answered
questions wrong; 65% went all the way to the highest voltage
A. Stereotype threat
B. Stanley Milgram
C. Claude Steele
D. Social dilemmas
B. Stanley Milgram
Persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts by quoting a low sales price, and then
mentions all of the “add-on” costs once the customer has agreed to purchase the product
A. Low-ball technique
B. Social pressure
C. Social pain
D. Dominant actions
A. Low-ball technique
Researcher who found that black students did worse than white students on tests that were referred to
as “intelligence tests,” or if the students were deliberately reminded of their race before the test; coined
the term “stereotype threat”
A. Groupthink
B. Obedience
C. Claude Steele
D. George Kelling
C. Claude Steele
Psychologist who determined the 16 source traits, or personality factors
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Raymond Cattell
C. Rationalization
D. Trait theory
B. Raymond Cattell
A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in
behavioral predispositions
A. Higher
B. Projection
C. Trait theory
D. Trait
C. Trait theory
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify
different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score
A. Trait
B. Factor analysis
C. Psychoanalysis
D. Extraversion
B. Factor analysis
Psychologists who study individuals’ characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
A. Personality psychologists
B. Personality
C. Defense mechanisms
D. Personal myth
A. Personality psychologists
A lengthy insight therapy that was developed by Freud and aims at uncovering conflicts and unconscious
impulses through special techniques, including free association, dream analysis, and transference
A. Personality
B. Factor analysis
C. Psychoanalysis
D. Personal myth
C. Psychoanalysis
A neurotoxic form of the peptide, amyloid, that is 42 amino acids long and is associated with familial
forms of Alzheimer’s disease
A. Reliability
B. Mental disorder
C. Beta amyloid
D. Neurasthenia
C. Beta amyloid
A repetitive and rigid behaviour that a person feels compelled to perform in order to reduce anxiety
A. Symptom
B. Compulsion
C. Delusion
D. Depression
B. Compulsion
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
A. Manic episodes
B. Delusion
C. Hallucinations
D. Compulsion
C. Hallucinations
A marked fear of a specific object or situation
A. Bulimia nervosa
B. Phobia
C. Specific phobia
D. Schizophrenia
C. Specific phobia
Consequences of a disorder that help keep it going once it begins
A. Predisposing causes
B. Concordance
C. Perpetuating causes
D. Precipitating causes
C. Perpetuating causes
An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers
from psychological difficulties
A. Psychotherapy
B. Psychosurgery
C. Psychiatrists
D. Psychoanalysis
A. Psychotherapy
A psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living
A. Clinical psychology
B. Counselors
C. Clinical psychologists
D. Counseling psychologists
D. Counseling psychologists
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
A. Psychiatric nurses
B. Antidepressant drugs
C. Antipsychotic drugs
D. Psychotherapy
C. Antipsychotic drugs
Specialized nurses with an R.N. who often work on inpatient psychiatric wards and have training specific
to mental disorders
A. Psychoanalysis
B. Psychiatric nurses
C. Psychiatrists
D. Antipsychotic drugs
B. Psychiatric nurses
A social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions
that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse
A. Psychiatric social workers
B. Psychiatrists
C. Psychiatric nurses
D. Psychosurgery
A. Psychiatric social workers
