psy 403

Question 1

model of working memory

Answer 1

alan baddeley
popular in britain and europe

Question 2

historicism

Answer 2

study of the past for its own sake
without connecting it to the past

Question 3

presentism

Answer 3

looking at the past with a specific interest to understand the present

Question 4

great person approach

Answer 4

history is shaped by famous names (Plato, Aristotle, etc)

Question 5

zeitgeist approach

Answer 5

ideas and currencies are shaped by many influences (political climate, scientific development, etc)

Question 6

origin myth

Answer 6

selectively writing history to make it appear as if the present was inevitable

Question 7

patterns/ fads

Answer 7

some good ideas stop being used bc they are not fashionable
some bad ideas stay in fashion bc they are popular

Question 8

scavenge ideas

Answer 8

rediscover ideas that weren’t fully developed

Question 9

free will

Answer 9

the ability to make choices regardless of other events or factors

Question 10

determinism

Answer 10

the belief that all events are caused by things that happened before then and people have no real ability to make choices or control what happens

Question 11

what makes a theory ‘scientific’

Answer 11

-organized and explain prior observations
-guide future observations
-make confirmable predictions

Question 12

Karl Popper

Answer 12

-philosopher of science who though that verifiability wasn’t enough (also needed to be able to falsify)

Question 13

Popper believed a scientific theory must

Answer 13

-be capable of being rejected
-make risky predictions

Question 14

correspondence theory of truth

Answer 14

there are objective truths about the world that science can identify

Question 15

Thomas Kuhn

Answer 15

american physicist and philosopher of science

Question 16

paradigms

Answer 16

generally there is one widely accepted viewpoint that us shared by most members of a science

Question 17

normal science

Answer 17

these become the way of thinking and everyone interprets information according to the paradigm and spends time exploring the implications of the paradigm

Question 18

anomalies

Answer 18

persistent observations that a current paradigm cannot explain

Question 19

stages of scientific development

Answer 19

-preparadigmatic stage
-paradigmatic stage
-revolutionary stage

Question 20

preparadigmatic stage

Answer 20

-no single paradigm exists
-a number of rival groups exist
-random fact gathering

Question 21

paradigmatic stage

Answer 21

-ther is one dominant paradigm
-paradigm creates a framing for thinking about problems and results
anomalies are ignored

Question 22

revolutionary stage

Answer 22

-the old paradigm is displaced for a new one
-paradigm shift

Question 23

natural law

Answer 23

you’ve done something wrong to deserve the bad things happening to you

Question 24

greece

Answer 24

center of collected culture and knowledge because of fishing, exporting, traveling, etc

Question 25

Thales of Miletus

Answer 25

-named the first philosopher
-best known for believing all states were made of water (cosmological thesis)
-all things have ‘natural’ explanations

Question 26

Hippocrates

Answer 26

-explained mental illness using naturalistic explanations (you ate something bad so now you feel bad)
-humorism

Question 27

humorism

Answer 27

thought hat good physical or mental health was based on proper balance of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
4 temperments

Question 28

4 temperments

Answer 28

-sanguine: optimism, active, social (too much blood)
-phlegmatic: relaxed, peaceful (too much phlegm)
-choleric: irritable (too much yellow bile)
-melancholic: sad, quiet (too much black bile)

Question 29

sophists

Answer 29

taught persuasion to politicians
‘convincing people is all that matters, and what people believe is what is to be true’

Question 30

Protagoras

Answer 30

if perception is the basis of all knowledge, there can be no ‘absolute’ truth