Physio 415 exam 1

Question 1

endogenous

Answer 1

originating from within the body

Question 2

exogenous

Answer 2

originate outside the body

Question 3

sexually dimorphic

Answer 3

differences between the sexes

Question 4

plasticity

Answer 4

malleable, flexible, able to change

Question 5

rosteral/ anterior

Answer 5

front facing top
(forehead)

Question 6

dorsal

Answer 6

back side
(back)

Question 7

ventral

Answer 7

front side
(stomach)

Question 8

posterior/ caudal

Answer 8

bottom
(feet)

Question 9

lateral

Answer 9

away from the midline (toward the exterior)
(ears are lateral compared to the scalp)

Question 10

medial

Answer 10

closer to midline
(towards interior)

Question 11

midsagittal

Answer 11

cut between the ears (on the midline)

Question 12

horizontal

Answer 12

cut into equal top and bottom parts

Question 13

coronal

Answer 13

like cutting slices of bread

Question 14

grey matter vs white matter

Answer 14

grey = cell bodies
white = pathways that cell bodies use

Question 15

exocrine glands

Answer 15

secrete products via ducts

Question 16

endocrine glands

Answer 16

secrete their hormones into the blood stream

Question 17

hormones

Answer 17

chemicals secreted by endocrine glands in response to changes in the external or internal environment and carried by blood to target organs

Question 18

spinal nerves

Answer 18

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx

Question 19

frontal lobe

Answer 19

ability to concentrate

Question 20

parietal

Answer 20

understand sensory info

Question 21

prefrontal cortex

Answer 21

executive function

Question 22

temporal lobe

Answer 22

language, hearing, memory

Question 23

brain stem

Answer 23

breathing and heart rate

Question 24

cerebellum

Answer 24

balance, motor coordination

Question 25

basal ganglia

Answer 25

starts and meshes movement, motor and habit learning, emotional processing

Question 26

cervical

Answer 26

head and neck, wrists and hands 7

Question 27

thoracic

Answer 27

chest and abdominal muscles 12

Question 28

lumbar

Answer 28

leg muscles 5

Question 29

sacrum

Answer 29

bladder, bowels, sexual function 5 fused

Question 30

coccyx

Answer 30

4 fused

Question 31

spinal cord

Answer 31

dorsal: sensory ventral: motor

Question 32

white matter

Answer 32

pathways the cell bodies use

Question 33

gray matter

Answer 33

cell bodies

Question 34

forebrain

Answer 34

telencephalon diencephalon

Question 35

midbrain

Answer 35

mesencephalon

Question 36

hindbrain

Answer 36

metencephalon mylencephalon

Question 37

anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 37

integrates senses, emotions, and the environment

Question 38

insula

Answer 38

perception of self bottom up to brain

Question 39

left hemisphere lateralization

Answer 39

language speech and comprehension writing

Question 40

right hemisphere lateralization

Answer 40

visual and spatial functioning creativity/ artistry musical skills

Question 41

corpus callosum

Answer 41

white band of fibers that connects the two hemispheres

Question 42

wernicke's area

Answer 42

problems learning and understanding language

Question 43

broca's area

Answer 43

understand language but cannot communicate back

Question 44

gene selection theory

Answer 44

individual reproductive success/ fitness: influence organism to focus on self preservation and reproduction inclusive fitness: influence organism to help others that contain their genes

Question 45

sexual selection theory

Answer 45

the evolution of characteristics not because of survival advantage but because of mating advantage (sexual dimorphisms) intrasexual competition: members of the same sex compete with each other intersexual competition: members of one sex prefer certain qualities in mates

Question 46

phylogenetics

Answer 46

the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups

Question 47

absolute brain size

Answer 47

physical weight of the brain

Question 48

relative brain size

Answer 48

size of brain in proportion to the rest of the body

Question 49

allometry

Answer 49

study of nonlinear relationship of the body and brain sizes

Question 50

encephalization quotient (EQ)

Answer 50

actual / predicted

Question 51

principle of proper mass

Answer 51

brain regions increase proportionately in size relative to the capacity for certain behaviors

Question 52

brainstem

Answer 52

unconscious behaviors

Question 53

cerebellum

Answer 53

learning and coordinating skilled movements

Question 54

cerebrum

Answer 54

2 hemispheres responsible for most conscious behaviors

Question 55

cortical complexity

Answer 55

simple vs complex brain matter rats have smooth brains and we have grooved brains