Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

tenacity

A

unwilligness to change beliefs

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2
Q

scientific concensus

A

peer reviewed work or what scientists say

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3
Q

beneficence and non malficence

A

working for the benefit of the people and avoiding harm

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3
Q

exempt research

A

research the federal government does not require review and approval

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3
Q

fidelity and responsibility

A

working for the benefit of the community

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3
Q

integrity

A

honest application of research

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3
Q

justice

A

striving to make good professional judgements

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4
Q

respect

A

people’s rights; eliminates bias

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5
Q

deception

A

not always possible to eliminate but always try to minimize

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6
Q

informed consent

A

participants must be fully informed and choose to participate

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7
Q

report data

A

accurately

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8
Q

unethical treatment of subjects/ participants

A

tuskegee syphllyis study
little albert experiments
nazi experimentation

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9
Q

research fraud/ corruption

A

falsifying data
plagiarism
not reporting accurately
undisclosed conflicts of interest

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10
Q

legal requirements and ethics in research

A

informed consent: must choose to participate
voluntary participation: must be free to decline participation and free to withdraw without penalty
debriefing: tell what study was and if deception was used (reverse effects of deception (desensitization))
anonymity: not always possible
confidentiality: if cant be anonymous, dont share info
coercion: must undue influence

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11
Q

IRB

A

must review and approve most research

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11
Q

implicit deception

A

there is a reason you are using it

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12
Q

technical

A

misinforming participants on how an apparatus is being used

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12
Q

role deception

A

misinforming participants on the role of others

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13
Q

ethical issues in cross cultural research

A

must be acceptable to the researcher and the people being studied

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14
Q

ethical issues in internet research

A

not always anonymous and can be an issue if post study follow ups are needed

15
Q

ethical issues in survey research

A

confidentiality and anonymity

16
Q

ethical issues in animal research

A

cost benefit analysis (does it make sense cost wise to do this compared to the benefits it may result in)

17
Q

theoretical papers

A

propose new theories
include empirical data
review of existing literature
speculate or draw on related theories

18
Q

lit reviews

A

summarize other bodies of work
propose revisions/ shortcomings
make recommendations and suggest what needs to be addressed

19
empirical papers
test new and existing theories using different methods and procedures expand other theories can contain multiple studies
20
empirical paper format
abstract, methods, results, discussion
21
meta analysis
quantitative "study of studies" compiles results from existing studies and compares
22
research island
solitary description of a study without integrating as a concept throughout not tying findings together
23
demarcation
the action of fixing the boundary of something (science vs pseudoscience)
24
theories must
specify certain circumstances under which the theory is disproven (earth = center of universe) have testable predictions be able to 'kill' theory
25
authority
acceptance of knowledge from an authority or expert
26
a priori method
knowledge from logic based on premises that are subject to change (something can be true now but later on not be)
27
hard science
quantitative experiences
28
soft science
qualitative experiences
29
falsifiability
must be able to be disproven
30
objective
clearly specified and well defined
31
data driven
based on empirical data
32
replicable
other investigators are able to repeat to compare results
33
public
research must be made public for scrutinization and new research
34
characteristics of scientific research
falsifiability objectiveness data driven replicable public
35
ethical guidelines created by the APA
beneficence and non malficence fidelity and responsibility justice integrity respect of basic rights informed consent minimizing or eliminating deception reporting accurately and honestly
36
op def
working definition of a concept based on how it is measured (anxiety could be measured by increased heart rate, shortness of breath, etc)
37
hypothetical construct
concept that helps us understand a bx but not directly observable (intelligence or motivation are studied in psych but not directly observable)
38
population
all the people you want to address in the research
39
sample
what you use to describe the population (pop= MSU students, sample= a specific degree or class
40
simple random
everyone has the same chances of being chosen
41
systematic
not random but every 10th person so it is still unbiased
42
stratified random
random sampling from already chosen subgroups (race groups that are then randomly sampled)