Exam 1 Flashcards
tenacity
unwilligness to change beliefs
scientific concensus
peer reviewed work or what scientists say
beneficence and non malficence
working for the benefit of the people and avoiding harm
exempt research
research the federal government does not require review and approval
fidelity and responsibility
working for the benefit of the community
integrity
honest application of research
justice
striving to make good professional judgements
respect
people’s rights; eliminates bias
deception
not always possible to eliminate but always try to minimize
informed consent
participants must be fully informed and choose to participate
report data
accurately
unethical treatment of subjects/ participants
tuskegee syphllyis study
little albert experiments
nazi experimentation
research fraud/ corruption
falsifying data
plagiarism
not reporting accurately
undisclosed conflicts of interest
legal requirements and ethics in research
informed consent: must choose to participate
voluntary participation: must be free to decline participation and free to withdraw without penalty
debriefing: tell what study was and if deception was used (reverse effects of deception (desensitization))
anonymity: not always possible
confidentiality: if cant be anonymous, dont share info
coercion: must undue influence
IRB
must review and approve most research
implicit deception
there is a reason you are using it
technical
misinforming participants on how an apparatus is being used
role deception
misinforming participants on the role of others
ethical issues in cross cultural research
must be acceptable to the researcher and the people being studied
ethical issues in internet research
not always anonymous and can be an issue if post study follow ups are needed
ethical issues in survey research
confidentiality and anonymity
ethical issues in animal research
cost benefit analysis (does it make sense cost wise to do this compared to the benefits it may result in)
theoretical papers
propose new theories
include empirical data
review of existing literature
speculate or draw on related theories
lit reviews
summarize other bodies of work
propose revisions/ shortcomings
make recommendations and suggest what needs to be addressed
empirical papers
test new and existing theories using different methods and procedures
expand other theories
can contain multiple studies
empirical paper format
abstract, methods, results, discussion
meta analysis
quantitative “study of studies”
compiles results from existing studies and compares
research island
solitary description of a study without integrating as a concept throughout
not tying findings together
demarcation
the action of fixing the boundary of something
(science vs pseudoscience)
theories must
specify certain circumstances under which the theory is disproven (earth = center of universe)
have testable predictions
be able to ‘kill’ theory
authority
acceptance of knowledge from an authority or expert
a priori method
knowledge from logic based on premises that are subject to change (something can be true now but later on not be)
hard science
quantitative experiences
soft science
qualitative experiences
falsifiability
must be able to be disproven
objective
clearly specified and well defined
data driven
based on empirical data
replicable
other investigators are able to repeat to compare results
public
research must be made public for scrutinization and new research
characteristics of scientific research
falsifiability
objectiveness
data driven
replicable
public
ethical guidelines created by the APA
beneficence and non malficence
fidelity and responsibility
justice
integrity
respect of basic rights
informed consent
minimizing or eliminating deception
reporting accurately and honestly
op def
working definition of a concept based on how it is measured (anxiety could be measured by increased heart rate, shortness of breath, etc)
hypothetical construct
concept that helps us understand a bx but not directly observable (intelligence or motivation are studied in psych but not directly observable)
population
all the people you want to address in the research
sample
what you use to describe the population (pop= MSU students, sample= a specific degree or class
simple random
everyone has the same chances of being chosen
systematic
not random but every 10th person so it is still unbiased
stratified random
random sampling from already chosen subgroups (race groups that are then randomly sampled)
