PSY 342 Exam 2 Flashcards
what are the 3 ERP Components assoc. with facial recognition?
- N170 - sensitive to perceptual processing of a face in general (famous or not, even smiley faces): R Pos Temp Lobe
- N250 - sensitive to famous and personally familiar FACES
- P400-600: whole person recognition
what areas does the geniculostriate pathway connect? what structures does it pass through/get its name from?
- EYES to BRAIN
- passes through LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS (LGN)
and STRIATE CtX
the geniculostriate pathway: where does it terminate? where does info cross over (vision is a contralateral sys)?
- V1 PRIMARY VIS CTX/STRIATE CTX
- crosses over at optic chiasm [L vis field —> R V1]
V1: what type of info is gathered here?
- very basic info from vis scene; edges, orientations of lines, light
- low part of the hierarchy that projects to higher stages to create composite forms
V1: what’s 1 type of cell found here? what does it respond to? how are cells arranged?
- “simple cells”: respond to lines at diff orientations
- organized into L or R ocular dominance columns
V1: what is retinotopic organization?
- cells responding to adjacent areas in phys space are adjacent in the retina and adjacent in V1
V1: what is blindsight?
- damage to V1, patients r clinically blind / do not report seeing anything BUT can reliably id visual fts of objects (like direction of motion) better than avg
- indicates role of V1 in CONSCIOUS perception/vision
V1: blindsight - what does this indicate about V1? (2)
- implies that there are other routes from eye to the brain that BYPASS V1
- V1 is necessary for CONSCIOUS awareness of vision / CONSCIOUS visual perception
what are areas V4 and V5 specialized for respectively?
- V4 = color perception
- V5/MT = visual motion perception
V4: what is color constancy? why is it needed if cones already detect color?
- calculations made by vis system to keep our perceptions of color constant as wavelengths change based on light source, surfaces, conditions, etc.
V4: damage here leads to what condition?
- achromatopsia - 1/2 of vis field appears in grey scale (not in color )
V5: damage here leads to what condition?
- akinetopsia: motion is perceived in a series of still frames and not continuously
what are the 3 stages of object recognition?
- early visual processing (color, motion, edges)
- grouping visual elements together + view normalization
- matching grouped visual elements with stored mental + semantic reps
object recognition: what principles guide grouping? what disorder results from impaired grouping? (stage 2)
- GESTALT PRINCIPLES <3
2. integrative agnosia: grouping principles disrupted, a person can id parts of a scene but cannot combine them
object recognition: what is object constancy? where is it carried out? (stage 3)
- process of matching the many possible viewpoints of an object in real space to the finite number of orientations/viewpoints we have stored in memory
- InferoTemporal (IT)- Ctx
- arranged in category specific way
object recognition: what is view normalization? where is it carried out? (stage 3)
- mental rotation that occurs in order to id objects from diff vantage points (sometimes occures automatically)
- R parietal lobe
recognizing faces: fusiform face area
kind fine like a sony in 99
what is attention?
- process by which certain info is selected by our systems for further processing; other info discarded
what are some characteristics of attention? (3)
- is limited: we can’t perceive everything
- exogenous: directed by external stimuli (bottom-up)
- endogenous: directed by internal impulses, personal goals, explicit (top down)
what is change blindness?
- inability to detect changes in the environment, reflects attentional limits/cost benefit
non-spatial attentional selection: what is object based attention?
- diff objects in a scene activate diff parts of the visual stream (Ex. when viewing a horse vs face, etc)
- changes based on what we’re attending to
non-spatial attentional selection: what is binocular rivalry?
- when 2 diff images presented 1 to each eye –> we flip between them, vis sys can’t perceive both at once
non-spatial attentional selection: attentional blink
- after id’ing a target stimulus, we are “blind” to id’ing the stimuli after it (resources focused on target)
lateral intraparietal area (LIP): what does it do? what particular feature does it have?
- responds to vis and auditory stimuli by triggering saccades to their locations
- has a “salience map” of space, id’s where most pressing stimuli are located
divisions of attentional processing: dorsal network - where is it located?
- bilateral, fronto-parietal areas
divisions of attentional processing: ventral network - where is it located?
- R Hemi dominant, fronto-parietal
divisions of attentional processing: dorsal network - what kind of stimuli does it respond to?
- ENDOGENOUS STIMULI
- goal and personally driven attn, top down
divisions of attentional processing: ventral network - what kind of stimuli does it respond to?
- EXOGENOUS STIMULI
- stim driven, bottom up, hyperactive in ADD kids
what is feature integration theory (FIT)?
- perceptual features are recognized al mismo tiempo que attention shift to them; super fast
- single ft vs conjunction search
attentional neglect: where is damage?
- R Parietal lobe damage
attentional neglect: what are major symptoms?
- inability to attend to L side of space/visual field
- can be person or object centered / can affect auditory and tactile judgments
simultanagnosia (Balint’s syndrome): where is damage?
-bilateral damage to fronto-parietal areas (v rare)
simultanagnosia (Balint’s syndrome): major symptoms?
- only able to perceive 1 object in a scene at a time
- fixation eventually shifts
the Acting brain: what’s the difference between action and movement?
- ACTION Describes all the mental process responsible for initiating motor output based on a goal
- MOVEMENT Describes the physical act of moving (not always cognitive) ex. reflexes
the Acting brain: what are motor programs? what problem do they solve?
- stored routines of actions/sequences –> narrow down the potentially infinite # of ways of doing an action (Degrees of Freedom Problem)
frontal lobes in Action: what does the primary motor cortex do?
- executes ALL VOLUNTARY body movements
- somatotopic organization; HOMONC <3
frontal lobes in Action: what does the frontal eye field do?
- executes ALL VOLUNTARY eye movements
frontal lobes in Action: what does the medial premotor cortex (SMA) do? more endo or exogenous?
- aka Supplemental Motor Area; resp for spontaneous, complex, well-learned actions, [mostly voluntary action, more endogenous]
frontal lobes in Action: what does the lateral premotor cortex do? more endo or exogenous?
- prepares for mvmnt based on EXTERNAL stimuli/conditions
ex. “pull if red light, push if green light” - does not respond to self-driven/endogenous actions
frontal lobes in Action: what does the prefrontal cortex do? what does damage here cause?
- important in coordinating cognition / “executive functions”
- damage won’t impair ability to move, but mvmnts bcome inapprop or disorganized
the Acting brain: what is visual agnosia?
- patients CANNOT identify objects, but know how to use/manipulate them
- impaired “WHAT” pathway
the Acting brain: what is optic ataxia?
- patients CANNOT properly reach for/grab objects, but can id them
- impaired “WHERE/HOW” pathway
the Acting brain: what is ideomotor apraxia? where is lesion site?
- inability to perform proper actions specific to a certain object or ID it (ex. a comb)
- damage to L Inferior Parietal Cortex
the Acting brain: subcortical structures - what does the cerebellar loop do? (2)
- coordinating movement
2. updating motor programs based on real-time visual feedback
the Acting brain: subcortical structures - what does the basal ganglia loop do? (2)
- initiating/executing INTERNALLY/ENDOGENOUS movements
(via SMA) - linking 1 action to the next
the Acting brain: basal ganglia - what are symptoms of Parkinson’s?
- damage to substantia nigra (dopamine producer)
- slowness of mvmnt, tremors at rest, difficulty initiating mvmnt, decay of mvmnt patterns (ex. shuffling)
the Acting brain: basal ganglia - what are symptoms of Huntington’s?
- excessive mvmnt, flailing limbs (chorea) / contorted posture
Prosopagnosia: Edward?
- acquired prosopagnosic
- performed regularly when id-ing/discriminating non-face objects, particularly bad on faces –> suggests separate mechanisms
Prosopagnosia: Edward - give 2 specific alternative explanations he debunked
- holistic exp - there’s a special system for id’ing objects that are easily broken down into parts –> this is what’s faulty in him ; wrong bc he was good with landscapes, houses, cars (old-new discrimination task)
- configural explanation - detecting changes in spacing of house vs face features –> did POOR on faces, fine on houses, his issue is not with configural info of objects in general, face specific
Mirror neurons: where dey at
- Pre-motor cortex primarily
Prosopagnosia: what region may be functionally disconnected from the Face Recog network in people with CP?
- RAT - R Anterior Temporal Lobe
Mirror neurons: w
- associated with expertise,
- self construal type
- observed actions are STRONGERLY activated in instagram “Followers” Que leaders
