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SPRING 2022: TERMÍNALO! > PSY 342 Exam 2 > Flashcards

PSY 342 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 ERP Components assoc. with facial recognition?

A
  1. N170 - sensitive to perceptual processing of a face in general (famous or not, even smiley faces): R Pos Temp Lobe
  2. N250 - sensitive to famous and personally familiar FACES
  3. P400-600: whole person recognition
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2
Q

what areas does the geniculostriate pathway connect? what structures does it pass through/get its name from?

A
  • EYES to BRAIN
  • passes through LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS (LGN)
    and STRIATE CtX
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3
Q

the geniculostriate pathway: where does it terminate? where does info cross over (vision is a contralateral sys)?

A
  • V1 PRIMARY VIS CTX/STRIATE CTX

- crosses over at optic chiasm [L vis field —> R V1]

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4
Q

V1: what type of info is gathered here?

A
  • very basic info from vis scene; edges, orientations of lines, light
  • low part of the hierarchy that projects to higher stages to create composite forms
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5
Q

V1: what’s 1 type of cell found here? what does it respond to? how are cells arranged?

A
  • “simple cells”: respond to lines at diff orientations

- organized into L or R ocular dominance columns

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6
Q

V1: what is retinotopic organization?

A
  • cells responding to adjacent areas in phys space are adjacent in the retina and adjacent in V1
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7
Q

V1: what is blindsight?

A
  • damage to V1, patients r clinically blind / do not report seeing anything BUT can reliably id visual fts of objects (like direction of motion) better than avg
  • indicates role of V1 in CONSCIOUS perception/vision
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8
Q

V1: blindsight - what does this indicate about V1? (2)

A
  1. implies that there are other routes from eye to the brain that BYPASS V1
  2. V1 is necessary for CONSCIOUS awareness of vision / CONSCIOUS visual perception
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9
Q

what are areas V4 and V5 specialized for respectively?

A
  • V4 = color perception

- V5/MT = visual motion perception

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10
Q

V4: what is color constancy? why is it needed if cones already detect color?

A
  • calculations made by vis system to keep our perceptions of color constant as wavelengths change based on light source, surfaces, conditions, etc.
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11
Q

V4: damage here leads to what condition?

A
  • achromatopsia - 1/2 of vis field appears in grey scale (not in color )
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12
Q

V5: damage here leads to what condition?

A
  • akinetopsia: motion is perceived in a series of still frames and not continuously
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13
Q

what are the 3 stages of object recognition?

A
  1. early visual processing (color, motion, edges)
  2. grouping visual elements together + view normalization
  3. matching grouped visual elements with stored mental + semantic reps
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14
Q

object recognition: what principles guide grouping? what disorder results from impaired grouping? (stage 2)

A
  1. GESTALT PRINCIPLES <3

2. integrative agnosia: grouping principles disrupted, a person can id parts of a scene but cannot combine them

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15
Q

object recognition: what is object constancy? where is it carried out? (stage 3)

A
  • process of matching the many possible viewpoints of an object in real space to the finite number of orientations/viewpoints we have stored in memory
  1. InferoTemporal (IT)- Ctx
    • arranged in category specific way
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16
Q

object recognition: what is view normalization? where is it carried out? (stage 3)

A
  • mental rotation that occurs in order to id objects from diff vantage points (sometimes occures automatically)
  • R parietal lobe
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17
Q

recognizing faces: fusiform face area

A

kind fine like a sony in 99

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18
Q

what is attention?

A
  • process by which certain info is selected by our systems for further processing; other info discarded
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19
Q

what are some characteristics of attention? (3)

A
  1. is limited: we can’t perceive everything
  2. exogenous: directed by external stimuli (bottom-up)
  3. endogenous: directed by internal impulses, personal goals, explicit (top down)
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20
Q

what is change blindness?

A
  • inability to detect changes in the environment, reflects attentional limits/cost benefit
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21
Q

non-spatial attentional selection: what is object based attention?

A
  • diff objects in a scene activate diff parts of the visual stream (Ex. when viewing a horse vs face, etc)
  • changes based on what we’re attending to
22
Q

non-spatial attentional selection: what is binocular rivalry?

A
  • when 2 diff images presented 1 to each eye –> we flip between them, vis sys can’t perceive both at once
23
Q

non-spatial attentional selection: attentional blink

A
  • after id’ing a target stimulus, we are “blind” to id’ing the stimuli after it (resources focused on target)
24
Q

lateral intraparietal area (LIP): what does it do? what particular feature does it have?

A
  • responds to vis and auditory stimuli by triggering saccades to their locations
  • has a “salience map” of space, id’s where most pressing stimuli are located
25
Q

divisions of attentional processing: dorsal network - where is it located?

A
  • bilateral, fronto-parietal areas
26
Q

divisions of attentional processing: ventral network - where is it located?

A
  • R Hemi dominant, fronto-parietal
27
Q

divisions of attentional processing: dorsal network - what kind of stimuli does it respond to?

A
  • ENDOGENOUS STIMULI

- goal and personally driven attn, top down

28
Q

divisions of attentional processing: ventral network - what kind of stimuli does it respond to?

A
  • EXOGENOUS STIMULI

- stim driven, bottom up, hyperactive in ADD kids

29
Q

what is feature integration theory (FIT)?

A
  • perceptual features are recognized al mismo tiempo que attention shift to them; super fast
  • single ft vs conjunction search
30
Q

attentional neglect: where is damage?

A
  • R Parietal lobe damage
31
Q

attentional neglect: what are major symptoms?

A
  • inability to attend to L side of space/visual field

- can be person or object centered / can affect auditory and tactile judgments

32
Q

simultanagnosia (Balint’s syndrome): where is damage?

A

-bilateral damage to fronto-parietal areas (v rare)

33
Q

simultanagnosia (Balint’s syndrome): major symptoms?

A
  1. only able to perceive 1 object in a scene at a time

- fixation eventually shifts

34
Q

the Acting brain: what’s the difference between action and movement?

A
  • ACTION Describes all the mental process responsible for initiating motor output based on a goal
  • MOVEMENT Describes the physical act of moving (not always cognitive) ex. reflexes
35
Q

the Acting brain: what are motor programs? what problem do they solve?

A
  • stored routines of actions/sequences –> narrow down the potentially infinite # of ways of doing an action (Degrees of Freedom Problem)
36
Q

frontal lobes in Action: what does the primary motor cortex do?

A
  • executes ALL VOLUNTARY body movements

- somatotopic organization; HOMONC <3

37
Q

frontal lobes in Action: what does the frontal eye field do?

A
  • executes ALL VOLUNTARY eye movements
38
Q

frontal lobes in Action: what does the medial premotor cortex (SMA) do? more endo or exogenous?

A
  • aka Supplemental Motor Area; resp for spontaneous, complex, well-learned actions, [mostly voluntary action, more endogenous]
39
Q

frontal lobes in Action: what does the lateral premotor cortex do? more endo or exogenous?

A
  • prepares for mvmnt based on EXTERNAL stimuli/conditions
    ex. “pull if red light, push if green light”
  • does not respond to self-driven/endogenous actions
40
Q

frontal lobes in Action: what does the prefrontal cortex do? what does damage here cause?

A
  • important in coordinating cognition / “executive functions”
  • damage won’t impair ability to move, but mvmnts bcome inapprop or disorganized
41
Q

the Acting brain: what is visual agnosia?

A
  • patients CANNOT identify objects, but know how to use/manipulate them
  • impaired “WHAT” pathway
42
Q

the Acting brain: what is optic ataxia?

A
  • patients CANNOT properly reach for/grab objects, but can id them
  • impaired “WHERE/HOW” pathway
43
Q

the Acting brain: what is ideomotor apraxia? where is lesion site?

A
  • inability to perform proper actions specific to a certain object or ID it (ex. a comb)
  • damage to L Inferior Parietal Cortex
44
Q

the Acting brain: subcortical structures - what does the cerebellar loop do? (2)

A
  1. coordinating movement

2. updating motor programs based on real-time visual feedback

45
Q

the Acting brain: subcortical structures - what does the basal ganglia loop do? (2)

A
  1. initiating/executing INTERNALLY/ENDOGENOUS movements
    (via SMA)
  2. linking 1 action to the next
46
Q

the Acting brain: basal ganglia - what are symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A
  1. damage to substantia nigra (dopamine producer)

- slowness of mvmnt, tremors at rest, difficulty initiating mvmnt, decay of mvmnt patterns (ex. shuffling)

47
Q

the Acting brain: basal ganglia - what are symptoms of Huntington’s?

A
  • excessive mvmnt, flailing limbs (chorea) / contorted posture
48
Q

Prosopagnosia: Edward?

A
  • acquired prosopagnosic
  • performed regularly when id-ing/discriminating non-face objects, particularly bad on faces –> suggests separate mechanisms
49
Q

Prosopagnosia: Edward - give 2 specific alternative explanations he debunked

A
  1. holistic exp - there’s a special system for id’ing objects that are easily broken down into parts –> this is what’s faulty in him ; wrong bc he was good with landscapes, houses, cars (old-new discrimination task)
  2. configural explanation - detecting changes in spacing of house vs face features –> did POOR on faces, fine on houses, his issue is not with configural info of objects in general, face specific
50
Q

Mirror neurons: where dey at

A
  • Pre-motor cortex primarily
51
Q

Prosopagnosia: what region may be functionally disconnected from the Face Recog network in people with CP?

A
  • RAT - R Anterior Temporal Lobe
52
Q

Mirror neurons: w

A
  • associated with expertise,
  • self construal type
  • observed actions are STRONGERLY activated in instagram “Followers” Que leaders

SPRING 2022: TERMÍNALO! (7 decks)

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