PSY 332: Quiz 1 Chapters

Question 1

The Greek Philosopher Aristotle localized the mind in the ______?

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

The Greek Philosopher Aristotle believed that the function of the brain was to _______?

Answer 2

He thought the function of the brain was to cool the blood.

Question 3

What is the text book definition of Cognitive Psychology?

Answer 3

Cognitive psychology is the science of how the mind is organized to produce intelligent thought and how the mind is realized in the brain.

Question 4

What is the definition of Impetus

Answer 4

The force or energy with which the body moves

Question 5

Why do people study cognitive psychology?

Answer 5

The thirst for knowledge.

They also strive to understand the mechanisms (mental processes) that make such intellectual sophistication possible.

Question 6

What did Herbert Simon find in the processes he examined?

Answer 6

He found that the methods of scientific discovery could be explained in terms of the BASIC cognitive processes that we study in Cognitive Psychology.

Basically saying that a detailed look reveals that even the brilliant results of human genius are produced by basic cognitive processes operating together in complex ways to produce brilliant results.

Question 7

Cognitive Psychology is the foundation on which all other social sciences stand, in the same way that physics is the foundation for the other sciences. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Social Sciences have developed without grounding in cognitive psychology? TRUE OR FALSE and why?

Answer 8

TRUE

• For two main reasons
• 1st being that the field of cognitive psychology is not that advanced
• 2nd being that researchers in other areas of social science have managed to find other ways to explain the phenomena in which they are interested.

Question 9

List some examples of how cognitive psychology has had practical applications in our every day lives.

Answer 9

+Long history on research on the reliability of eyewitness testimony. Which has lead to the creation of guidelines for law enforcement personnel.
+Variations on basic info processing in the design evaluations for computer based devices such as modern flight management systems on aircraft’s.
+Applications to education such as reading instructions and teaching math.
+Contributions to help understand Brain Disorders such as schizophrenia or autism.

Question 10

In Western Civilization interest in human cognition can be traced to the _______? Who were the two main philosophers?

Answer 10

The Ancient Greeks.

Specifically Plato and Aristotle

Question 11

What is Empiricism?

Answer 11

Empiricism is the belief that all knowledge comes from experience

Question 12

What is Nativism?

Answer 12

Nativism is the belief that all children come into the world with a great deal of innate knowledge

Question 13

Definition of innate knowledge

Answer 13

innate means natural or inborn.

so innate knowledge would mean inborn knowledge or natural knowledge

Question 14

How old is Cognitive psychology and why is it at this age?

Answer 14

Cognitive psychology is less than 150 years old

+The reason why it is so relatively young is because the first 100 years humans spent it clearing misconceptions that arise when the mind is studying itself

Question 15

Only in the last 150 years has it been realized that human cognition could be the subject of scientific study rather than philosophical speculation. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

What year cited was the beginning of psychology as a science?
And who was the man who started it?
And what did his studies focus on?

Answer 16

1879
+Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig Germany
+Studied Introspection

Question 17

What is Introspection

Answer 17

Introspection is the examination of ones own conscious thoughts and feelings.
+Relies exclusively on observation of ones mental state , spiritually referred to examine ones soul.

Question 18

What debate did introspection spark?

Answer 18

It sparked the debate over the issue of whether conscious experience could really be devoid of concrete content.

Question 19

What is the definition of Devoid?

Answer 19

+Entirely lacking or free from.

Example: Lisa kept her voice devoid of emotion.

Question 20

What is the definition of Concrete Content?

Answer 20

+Concrete Content is thinking that is focused on the physical world. Opposite of abstract thinking which is imagination.
Example: Babies think in extreme concrete thinking as research indicates that they cannot conceive of an object as existing if it is not physically present.

Question 21

Was Wilhelm Wundt “Introspective Psychology” welcome in America? YES OR NO? Why?

Answer 21

Wilhelm Wundt “introspective psychology” was not accepted in America because Americans viewed and had practiced the theory as a passive, causal, reflective rather than INTENSE AND ANALYTICAL like Wundt.

Question 22

Who was an important early American Scientific Psychologist ? What did he develop?

Answer 22

Edward Thorndike

+He developed a theory of learning that was directly applicable to classrooms. Related to reward and punishment.

Question 23

Who led the fierce attack on “introspection or any attempt to develop a theory of mental operations”?

Answer 23

John Watson fought introspection of mind operations and pushed his own agenda of Behaviorism. 1920

Question 24

What is Behaviorism?

Answer 24

Behaviorism is the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, WITHOUT appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by alternating behavior patterns.

Question 25

What is Consciousness?

Answer 25

Refers to you individual awareness of your unique thoughts, memories, feelings, sensations, and environment.

Question 26

Did the Behaviorist programs push research on cognition into the background of American psychology? TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

Behaviorism dominant in Europe? TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 27

FALSE;

+Europe focused on ideas toward cognitive psychology

Question 28

German psychologist that immigrated to the US brought was what with them?

Answer 28

German psychologist brought Gestalt Psychology.

Question 29

What is Gestalt Psychology

Answer 29

Gestalt Psychology claimed that the activity of the brain and the mind was more than the sum of its parts.
+(This conflicted with the introspection program in Germany that tried to analyze conscious thought into its parts.)

Question 30

Behaviorism, which dominated American psychology in the first half of the 20th century, rejected the analysis of the workings of the mind to explain behavior. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

What was the main influence behind the cognitive revolution which overthrew behaviorism?

Answer 31

WORLD WAR 2
+Research on human performance
+Governments needed practical info on how to train soldiers to use sophisticated equipment
+How to deal with problems under stress

-Realized behaviorism offered no help with practical issues.

Question 32

Cognitive Psychology 3 influences that led to its establishment as a science

Answer 32

1. Information THeory
2. AI and its understanding (Artificial Intelligence)
3. Linguistics LEFT OFF ON PAGE 8

Question 33

What are the key themes in Cognition and Affective Processes?

Answer 33

1. Attention
2. Multiple Levels and types of memory storage
3. Representation, Organization, Categorization of information in memory

Question 34

What is Automatic Processing?

Answer 34

Information is quickly processed without awareness and DOES NOT require a demanding amount of attention.

Question 35

What is Conscious Processing?

Answer 35

Information is deliberately processed with the use of awareness and requires a demanding amount of attention