02_25_20 (After Exam 1) NOTES Executive Functioning and Semantic Memory Chapter 5

Question 1

1) Researchers have found various evidence linking what “function” and what “part of the brain”?
2) What was the name of those researchers?

Answer 1

1) Found various evidence linking the (Function) = “Executive Function” also known as “Cognitive Control” and the (Brain Part) = “Prefrontal Cortex.
2) The name of those researchers is
Miller & Cohen, 2001.

Question 2

1) What is the definition of “Executive Function” also known as “Cognitive Control?

Answer 2

1) a COLLECTION OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES which include planning, cognitive flexibility, abstract thinking, understanding rules, initiating appropriate actions, inhibiting inappropriate actions, and selecting relevant sensory information.
* ** Basically making sure you act plan and act correctly. Keeps your mental processes in check.

Question 3

1) What “Memory Type” and “Function Type” is at the Pre-Frontal Cortex?

Answer 3

1) Short-Term Memory and Executive Function is at the Pre-Frontal Cortex

Question 4

1) What “Brain Part” is the “Short-Term Memory” and “Executive Functioning” located in?

Answer 4

1) The Brain Part that contains the Short-Term Memory and Executive Functioning is the “Pre-Frontal Cortex.

Question 5

1) “Prioritizing Information” and “Storing into Long Term Memory” is linked to what “Part of the Brain”?

Answer 5

1) Prioritizing Information and Storing into Long Term Memory is linked to the Pre-Frontal Cortex.

Question 6

1) Who’s is Phineas Gage?
2) What happened?
3) What did they learn from him?

Answer 6

1) Phineas Gage is a rail road foreman who had a Rod go through his Skull.
2) Damaged his Frontal Lobe, lost his eye and the hot iron cauterized his injury letting him live.
3) Learned that losing the frontal lobe he couldn’t organize, became impulsive, became a drunk, and couldn’t keep his job. (Control, Organization, Planning)

Question 7

1) When does the “development” and “maturation” of the Prefrontal Cortex end?
2) Who matures faster, men or women?

Answer 7

1) Neural Connections toward the Prefrontal Cortex mature until the early 20’s.
2) Women’s Prefrontal Cortex matures faster than men.

Question 8

1) What happens when the Prefrontal Cortex is underdeveloped before your 20’s?
2) Whats the name of the researcher?

Answer 8

1) Adolescents may still rely on their emotional, impulsive urges.
2) Researchers last name is Luna.

Question 9

1) What are the 3 aspects of Miyake and Friedman’s Theory of Executive Functions (1999)?

Answer 9

1) Updating
2) Inhibition
3) Shifting

Question 10

1) What are the 1st aspect of Miyake and Friedman’s Theory of Executive Functions (1999)?

Answer 10

1) Updating: the continuous monitoring and quick addition or deletion of one’s working memory.
- – Example: in working memory tasks where you are given a list of words and you have to keep up. (An addition of adding and deleting content due to the limited space in working memory.