psy 3090 exam #3 Flashcards
what is physical abuse? and who is it illegal to use it against?
Any violence against a adult constitutes assault
illegal to use minor violence with a child
what age period do women suffer the most from abuse by their partner
18-24
what is the leading cause to of injury to women?
domestic violence
the difference in INTENT with women vs men
women hit in form of self defense while men hit offensively
how many stages are in a domestic cycle and what are they?
three stages
1. the build up phase or tension building
2. the acute battering incident
3. the respite or honeymoon phase
what is the build up phase/tension building?
- lasts for several hours to days or weeks
-the abuser uses threats, name calling and other scare tactics
what is the the acute battering incident?
-lasts for several minutes to days or weeks
-This is when all HELL breaks loose
-He becomes violent, may rape her or even kill her
-Take away her phone and not let her leave
what is the respite or honeymoon phase?
-lasts for several days or weeks
-He is apologetic and begs for forgiveness
-He showers her with gifts; jewelry, flowers, a cruise
female makes what percentage of rape or sexual assault and what ages are women most likely to get raped?
91%
16-19
what females are most likely to be raped?
Female college students ages 18-24 are three times more likely to experience rape
what percentage of females victims report being raped by an intimate partner?
51%
what percentage are raped by acquaintance?
43%
what percentage are raped by strangers?
48%
what was reported in 2014 in regards to military data?
20,300 members of the military who were assaulted
how many theories as to why men rape are there and what are they called?
7 theories
1. Evolutionary Theory:
2. Sexual Deprivation Theory:
3. Testosterone Theory
4. Control Theory
5. Gender Based Hate Crime Theory
6. Developmental Theory
7. Social Identity Theory
what is evolutionary theory?
Rapes are perpetrated by the fact that men want to spread their sperm
That man are the head of the household and can do whatever they want
what is Sexual Deprivation Theory?
From the 1960’s-70’s, rape was thought of as fulfilling a biological need due to sexual deprivation.
A man who did not have access to a female partner was sexually deprived and in need of sex.
what is Testosterone Theory?
Rape is due to high levels of testosterone.
Research has debunked this premise.
Both rapists and non-rapists often have the same levels of testosterone.
what is Control Theory?
Susan Brown Miller said “Rape is nothing more than a concious process of intimidation by which men keep women in a state of fear.”
The motive of rape was not sex but CONTROL and POWER
what is Gender Based Hate Crime Theory?
This theory postulates that men rape due to the hatred they have for women.
Rape is seen as an expression of their anger and loathing for women.
what is Developmental Theory?
Malamuth et al. (1998) say that rape proneness of among men is caused by developmental events involving learning.
Rape prone men come from harsh developmental backgrounds
Child abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect
Relationships with caregivers are also impersonal (has caregiver but simply does not care) and short-term (in n out of the relationship)
what is social Identity Theory?
Adolescents adopt the norms that are central to the social identity of the peer group to remain in good standing
Adolescents influenced by the ideology and norms of their in groups (friends) -such as being homophobic, discrimination, sexist
what are the 5 personality characteristics of a rapist?
- They have less empathy for others.
- They are self-centered and narcissistic
- They are manipulative
- They have a negative attitude towards women
- They justify their crimes
what do rapists say about rape? (Scully 1990)
Lie about the details of the rape
Describe it as being less violent than it actually ia
Represent rape as being normal
Explain that rape is a rewarding low-risk act
what are some treatments for rapists?
They first must deal with any sexual, physical or emotional abuse in childhood
They also talk about their adolescent experiences with girls
The main goal is to help these men identify motivations and thought patterns that lead to rape
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is also utilized where men have to keep a journal of their sexual thoughts and feelings
They must also write down their triggers
In prison, rapists may attend a group where women, who have been raped by other men, tell their stories
Ellman (2014) reviewed a meta-analysis of 21 recidivism studies.
32% of sex offenders assessed as a high risk to reoffend did so within 15 years.
what is the U.S. rape rate?
27.3 per 100,000 women
what country is rape is grossly unreported and why?
United States
Due to:
Victim shaming
fear of reprisal
fear of family known
Cases not being taken seriously by law enforcement
Lack of prosecution for the perpetrator
according to (RAIIN), out of every 1,000 rapes how many perpetrators wont serve jail time? WHY?
-995 perpetrators
-This is because out of every 1,000 rapes, only 230 are reported to police
-Only 9% of reported rapists in the US get prosecuted (charged with a crime)
-Only 3% of rapists will spend a day in prison
what percentage of rapists will walk free in the US?
97%
what are the ratios of women and men experiencing intimate physical and sexual violence?
1 in 4 women and 1 in 9 men experience, severe intimate partner physical violence, sexual violence
what are the effects of domestic violence?
Physical injury
Fearfulness
Post-traumatic stress disorder
what is child physical abuse?
any non accidental, physical injury to the child that results in a physical impairment of the child
what are the 2 types of punishments parents use?
-spanking
-time out or taking away a privilege
what is transgenerational transmission?
What happened to you, you will pass on to the next generation
what is a euphemism? and what does it mean?
-spanking
-This means it is a pleasant sounding word for a practice that is not pleasant
EX: Spanking, popping, beating, slapping, whipping
what are some common phrases parents use when spanking?
I’m doing this because I love you”
“Someday you will thank me for this beating”
“This is going to hurt me much more than its going to hurt you”
hitting is an act of what?
violence
what do child psychologists say?
that spanking and love have nothing to do with one another.
how many children come to the attention of Child Protective Services each year due to abuse?
7 million
rate of child abuse under age of 3?
250 children per 1,000.
what are the 5 Negative repercussions from hitting a child?
- It teaches the child that hitting is an acceptable way to resolve a conflict
- The parent becomes aversive or unpleasant
- The parent does not learn new ways of interacting with the child
- It is a leading cause of child abuse and violent deaths among children
- It is physically dangerous to the child
It teaches the child that hitting is an acceptable way to resolve a conflict by:
They will then hit, shove, push, kick and bite
In adulthood, this person may become a batterer
We must dialogue with children and help them learn to express themselves verbally.
Teach them to use their WORDS not their FISTS
who got corporal punishment disallowed on any LAUSD campus?
Jordan Riak
who and what law wanted to pass in 2007?
-assemblywoman Sally Lieber wanted to get a law passed where parents would not be allowed to hit a baby.
Birth to age 2
- The parent becomes aversive or unpleasant by:
The experience of being hit erodes trust
The child learns to fear the parent
May also come to hate their mother or father
The child cannot love someone who is hurting him or her
- The parent does not learn new ways of interacting with the child
The parents is reacting, not interacting
- It is a leading cause of child abuse and violent deaths among children by:
As the parent’s anger escalates, the child is in more and more danger of being seriously hurt
Over 2000 children die every year due to having been HIT
Breaks down to 5 children dying every day
The problem is, when the parents hits the child they do not know what damage they may cause
Blind (parent slaps the child in the face)
Deaf (parents pops the child on the ear)
disfigured (parents twists a child’s arm, cuts their face, puts their cigarette out on their body, throws the child against a wall breaking bones)
what is the role of a mandated reporter?
make sure to report any sign of abuse or neglect to DCFS.
what is the # of DCFS?
1 (800) 540-4000
- It is physically dangerous to the child by:
No part of the body was made for physical punishment
Tulane University Researchers found what evidence?
-find spanking can make children more aggressive later (published in paternal pediatrics in 2010)
Children who are spanked frequently at age 3 are more likely to be aggressive when they are 5 (behavioral domain)