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PSY 3090 Exams > PSY 3090: Ch. 1 & 2 > Flashcards

PSY 3090: Ch. 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what did the 2016 study find?

A

found 1,024 mammal species and 600 human popuations from 50,000 years ago

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2
Q

violence- what defines us?

A

Jose Maria Gomez says violence defines us

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3
Q

violence- who practices lethal violence besides humans?

A

40% mammals practice lethal violence

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4
Q

Jose Gomez traced violence back to the first which hominids?

A

Cromagnons- 150,000 years ago

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5
Q

what are the 4 types of humans from the study?

A

Bands
Tribes
Chiefdoms
State

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6
Q

who hunted, gathered and stayed in one place and moved?

A

bands and tribes

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7
Q

who were agriculturists and moved and stayed in one place?

A

chiefdoms and states

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8
Q

how is violence within mammals in high population density?

A

the most violent

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9
Q

our most violent historical periods correspond to times with?

A

low population density

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10
Q

what are the eras of violence?

A

Roman ages, middle ages, and dark ages

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11
Q

when did violence start slowing down?

A

during the 1400’s, at the end of the Middle ages

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12
Q

in what arena were the most deaths/violence

A

the colosseum

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13
Q

what are the four types of aggression?

A

interpersonal, instrumental, hostile, & impulsive/stimulus seeking

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14
Q

whats interpersonal violence and examples

A

an individual or a group of individuals wanting to use physical force
ex: Homicides
Mass shootings
Suicide which is aggression against oneself
Political violence

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15
Q

the definition of violence

A

aggressive behavior with the intent to cause harm physically or psychologically

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16
Q

what is instrumental violence and ex?

A

is aggression that has as its purpose the achievement of a separate goal
ex: stealing food and money
-both humans and animals engage in this type of violence

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17
Q

what is hostile aggression and ex?

A

aggression performed for the purpose of harming the victim physically or psychologically
ex: Only humans engage in this type of aggression

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18
Q

what is impulsive/stimulus seeking and ex?

A

aggression that is performed impulsively and/or is done to increase sensory stimulation (to get adrenaline)
-offenders crave dangerous and risky situations due to chronic nervous system under-arousal.
-Many offenders commit violent crimes under the influences of substances

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19
Q

define family violence and where is it most common?

A

hostile aggression between people who are intimately involved, usually in poor neighborhoos

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20
Q

what is considered family violence

A

child abuse
incest
martial rape
elder abuse

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21
Q

what are the costs of violence? prison wise?

A

Medical expenses to victims
Lost productivity due to injuries
Expenditures for mental health services
-Today, the yearly cost - $31,00 per inmate

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22
Q

what is NCVS? and what do they focus on? (SG)

A

the national crime victimization survey that focuses on victims money loss which found $17.6 billion in 1992.

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23
Q

what are the causes for instrumental violence?

A

gain
-money and property
-revenge
-power and control

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24
Q

what are the causes for hostile violence?

A

motives
-anger and frustration
-emotional pain bc of child neglect/abuse
-thrill seeking

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25
Q

Why do many people who are exposed to early stress, neglect or violent abuse, never become violent themselves?

A

Genetic Predispositions
environmental conditions and hormonal imbalances

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26
Q

who is at most risk for violence

A

(family violence) since it has been viewed as acceptable behavior for centuries
-such as child abuse
-back then it was okay to beat wives

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27
Q

what child abuse case led to change of system

A

Mary Ellen Wilson in 1860’s.

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28
Q

what do American’s think of family violence today?

A

dont think it is a serious enough offense

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29
Q

what has increased within youth violence?

A

Bullying, homicide and mass school shootings

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30
Q

how common is violent behavior in the US? in regards to women?

A

U.S. has higher murder rates
The national family violence survey (NFVS) 4 million women are beaten domestically each year
This is compared to 660,000 women who are assaulted by strangers on the streets every year.

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31
Q

where do the 3 types of statistics on crime come from?

A

-police reports of arrests and convictions
-government surveys of victims of crime
3. self-report surveys

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32
Q

why do some crimes go unreported?

A
  1. Police cant identify offender
  2. The case cannot be prosecuted
  3. victim dismisses case/drops charges
  4. There are too many crimes to report so only the most serious are reported
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33
Q

what is UCR? focuses on who?

A

The official source of crime statistics are the (Uniform crime reports)
-focuses on the number of criminals

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34
Q

In the case of domestic violence against women, all these factors prevent women from reporting it due to:

A

Some women cannot recall the incident due trauma
They often believe the abuser was not committing any crime
They believe they are at fault and deserve the abuse
Their dependence on their partner motivates them to conceal the crime
Intense fear of retaliation stops women from reporting the violence

35
Q

what is assult? examples?

A

Is the act of inflicting physical harm or unwanted physical contact upon a person
ex: verbal threats and aggressive yelling

36
Q

what is happy slapping?

A

a group of people causing harm to a person while filming it

37
Q

what gender is most likely to get assaulted?

A

happens to both men and women equally

38
Q

what is juvenile violence known as? what are some common offenses?

A

also known as super predators
- common offenses were vandalism, graffiti, shoplifting and petty theft
94,000 arrests in 2016

39
Q

what is teen homicide? also known as?

A

teens killing their parents which is known as PARRACIDE

40
Q

what’s it called when teens kill their father and mother, respectively?

A

PATRICIDE and MATRICIDE

41
Q

why do teens kill their parents?

A

teens are angry and think to only solution is to get rid of their pain is by killing their parents

42
Q

who is responsible for most homicides?

A

males

43
Q

how many Americans die a day by suicide (less than 200)

A

123 Americans

44
Q

what is the second leading cause of death in America?

A

suicide

45
Q

were there more homicides or suicides in the US?

A

there were more than twice as many suicides (47,173) in the United States as there were homicides (19,510)

46
Q

what is the percentage increase since 2017 from teen firearms deaths?

A

30%

47
Q

who was most likely to die from suicide in 2017?

A

males 15-19 were more than three times more likely than females to die from suicide

48
Q

what gender was most likely to die from homicide and firearms?

A

Males were six times more likely to die from homicide and firearm incidents

49
Q

what type of social class do juveniles have more of a chance of committing a violent offense?

A

the lower social class

50
Q

what gender is more likely to commit violent offenses from lower income households?

A

both male and female

51
Q

what is a critical factor for causes of social violence within juveniles?

A

academic achievement

52
Q

what do Wright and Caspi (1999) believe about social causes of violence?

A

increases crime by increasing a person’s social alienation and stress.

53
Q

what are the (social) causes of violence within adults?

A

social class, such as suffering from poverty increases homicidal behavior

54
Q

In what race do Parker and Pruit (2000) believe poverty increases homicidal behavior?

A

Black and white people

55
Q

unemployment is associated with?

A

more incarceration

56
Q

what is the difference between men in lower SES than men in the higher SES?

A

men in the lower SES are more likely to abuse their wives

57
Q

Kandel-Englander’s study - found that for both white and nonwhite repsondents?

A

Respondents who were pan-violent and street violent came from lower SES

58
Q

what is pan-violence?

A

a person who engages in violent behavior both in the home and in society

59
Q

what gender commits more crime within the lower ses?

A

both genders

60
Q

pan-violent and street-violent men attain how much of education?

A

much less education

61
Q

what is academic achievement?

A

is a person’s commitment to and achievement levels in school

62
Q

High academic achievement is a protective factor for those at risk for?

A

violence

63
Q

parents expect teachers to teach their kids?

A

Good study habits
Time management skills
Proper behavior including good manners

64
Q

parents should teach their kids?

A

Create a quite space where their child can study
Teach time management
Instill virtues
Praise positive behavior
Be a source of ongoing educational support

65
Q

according to the US census, what races/genders suffer from higher homicide rates?

A

There are higher homicide rates for African American men and women and Native American women

66
Q

why are there higher homicide rates for african american men/women and native american women?

A

Unemployment
Violent neighborhoods
Fewer educational and financial resources
people of color are more likely to be suspected and charged with crimes

67
Q

what happens when there is financial stress in lower ses?

A

more causes or robbery to provide for family
stress leads to family violence

68
Q

having bigger families leads to?

A

family violence in abusing children due to frustration

69
Q

where does street violence occur more?

A

rural cities

70
Q

what happens when there is overcrowding in jails?

A

deadly violence

71
Q

according to Calhoun (1990) what happens when male rats are in an overcrowded space?

A

showed no internet in offspring
and attacked both male/female rats

72
Q

how did Rhesus monkey deal in overcrowded situations?

A

grooming one another

73
Q

since 2011, inmate homicides rose to?

A

46%

74
Q

what problems did Indian children have due to crowded conditions?

A

blood pressure problems, behavior and academic problems

75
Q

is age a factor in crowded conditions?

A

yes sirrr

76
Q

according to CDC, what states have the lowest suicide rates?

A

states with high population density

77
Q

what states have the highest suicide rates? examples

A

low population density states such as:
Nevada
Utah
Idaho
and New Mexico

78
Q

what are Sociological Perspectives?

A

examine social environments and how they lead to violence and criminal behavior

79
Q

what are the 2 theories?

A

Hirsch’s (1990) Social Control Theory and Sutherland’s (1947) Differential Association Theory

80
Q

what is the Sutherland’s (1947) Differential Association Theory?

A

people who see no problem with breaking the law
-A criminal learns to become a criminal by acquiring this belief system
Associating with law breakers is one of the strongest predictor of criminal behavior

81
Q

what is the Hirsch’s (1990) Social Control Theory?

A

When a person is invested in and committed to a society, they will not misbehave
afraid to lose their wealth and investments

82
Q

before the 1980’s it was believed women were?

A

mentally ill and a masochist

83
Q

why do women stay in abusive relationships?

A

Financial and social dependence on the spouse
Lack of marketable skills
Having children to support
Continual childbearing
Fearful of being single, alone and poor
Fearful of being skilled

84
Q

what causes these social factors for women to feel?

A

make women feel powerless

PSY 3090 Exams (3 decks)

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