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PSY 102 Chapter 1 > PSY 102 Biological psychology chapter 3 > Flashcards

PSY 102 Biological psychology chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a sensory neuron

A

takes information from the outside world and sends deeper into the brain and neuron system

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2
Q

what is an inter-neuron

A

sends information to each other, processing info to do things connected to parts of body to see how or what the body is feeling

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3
Q

what is a Motorneurons

A

carries info from sensory and interneurons to your muscles to make them move

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4
Q

what is four the function of the glial cells

A

placeholders: tells neurons where to go and how to

nutrient and oxygen suppliers: takes oxygen from the blood supply and pass them to the neurons so they can work

insulators: the myelin sheath around the axon that speeds up transmission

house-keepers: tidy away dead neurons

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5
Q

what are the basics structure of a neuron

A

soma- cell body

axon hillock- sums the total excitatory and inhibitory

axon - sends the action potential to the terminal buttons
terminal if there is enough excitatory messages

terminal buttons- “connect” to the dendrites of the next neuron

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6
Q

what is an action potential

A

the electrical part of the message that one neuron can send along to another neuron if there is enough excitatory messages

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7
Q

what is the role of myelin sheath

A

a fatty layer around the axon of some neurons. Protects the axon from interference by other neurons. Lets the message jump from one axon to the other( faster)

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8
Q

how and why can a neuron can change their firing rate

A

if there is more excitatory messages than required for the axon potential to go the speed of the frequency

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9
Q

what is a neurotransmitter

A

the chemical messenger. when the action potential reaches terminal buttons, it triggers the release of chemicals into the synapse

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10
Q

how do neurotransmitters create an excitation

A

a neurotransmitter goes into the synapse and connects to a receptor site. The receptor site opens up a specific channel for sodium to go through to the dendrites making it more positive

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11
Q

how do neurotransmitters create inhibition reaction

A

the neurotransmitters goes into the synapse and connects to a receptor site that opens a channel that allows for chloride to enter. after another neurotransmitter connects to another receptor site that opens a channel for potassium to go back into the synapse making it negative

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12
Q

what is an agonist and how does it work

A

an agonist acts on the body like an excitation reaction

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13
Q

what are examples of an agonist

A

nicotine, heroin, morphine

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14
Q

how do antagonists work

A

they work as an inhibitory reaction by blocking the receptor site

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15
Q

what are examples of an antagonists

A

caffeine

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16
Q

how do interconnected neurons form networks using the example of a reflex

A
17
Q

what does neural plasticity mean

A

the ability of your brain to change the pattern of connection between your neurons as neural plasticity

18
Q

how does studying the effects of brain damage inform our understanding of the functions of parts of the brain

A

if specific region of the brain gets injured and someone loses the ability to do something only after the injury, there is a high likelihood of that function is managed by that part of the brain

19
Q

describe what we know about Broca’s and Wernicke’s area

A

Broca’s area is located just above the left temple and injury to it results in slow speech often agrammatical.

Wernickes area is located above and behind the left ear and injury sustained to that area causes jumbled speech and the person often loses focus and jumps from topic to topic

20
Q

what are the disadvantages of relying on studies of brain damage to tell us about brain function

A

brain damage is normally widespread which means that multiple areas of the brain are effect so it is hard to identify what part of the brain is affecting what function

21
Q

describe how methods that stimulate the electrical activity of the brain can tell us about brain functions

A

If a part of your brain is stimulated and you start moving your arm, that part of the brain controls the function of that arm

22
Q

what is a less invasive way for stimulating the electrical activity in the brain

A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

23
Q

what is an EEG (electroencephalograph)

A

enables us to see where the electrical activity is happening in the brain to see which parts of the brain are being used during an activity

24
Q

what does a fMRI do

A

used to see where the blood is travelling to in the brain to see which parts of the brain are being used during an activity

25
Q

describe the different networks of neurons in the PNS and what their functions are

A

Autonomic system that goes to and from your organs. Motor and sensory neurons.

sympathetic division- prepares for action

parasympathetic division- calms the body down

somatic system- nerves that go to and from you muscles, joints, and skin. Monitors and adjusts the various movements of your body.

26
Q

describe the major structures of the brain

A

hindbrain (directly on top of the spinal cord)

Pons and Medulla

Midbrain: sits on top of the hindbrain

forebrain: wraps around and sits on top of both

Hippocampus

cerebral cortex (sitting at the very top of the brain)

corpus callosum

Frontal
Parietal (middle in between frontal and occipital)
Occipital ( back of the brain)
Temporal (underneath all of the three)

27
Q

what is the function of the hindbrain

A

functions as basic life support coordinating with your autonomic PNS to regulate heart rate etc

28
Q

what is the function of the pons and medulla

A

taking those signals from the autonomic nervous system and unconsciously controlling our heart rate etc and involved in involuntary reflexes involving the throat (coughing and sneezing)

29
Q

what is the function of the hippocampus

A

involved in the formation of new memories

30
Q

what is the function of the cerebral cortex

A

controls conscious perceptions, thoughts, reasoning, voluntary movements etc

31
Q

what is the function of the corpus callosum

A

serves a communication bridge between the two hemispheres

32
Q

what is the function of frontal lobe

A

involved in planning, decision-making, inhibiting impulses

33
Q

what is the function of the Parietal lobe

A

the sensory cortex. receives signals from the skin of the body to help you tell which part of the body is being touched

34
Q

what is the function occipital lobe

A

the sit of most of our visual processing

35
Q

what is the function of temporal lobe

A

auditory processing. highly active during language and sound base tasks

PSY 102 Chapter 1 (3 decks)

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