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Microbiology > Pseudomonas > Flashcards

Pseudomonas Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where are pseudomonas commonly found?

A

Soil and water

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2
Q

Describe the appearance of pseudomonas

A

Gram negative rods, aerobic, motile by single polar flagellum

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3
Q

What special group/Diseased population is at a particularly high risk for pseudomonas infection?

A

Cystic Fibrosis patients.

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4
Q

Psuedomonas Aeruginosa

A

Cause various opportunistic infections, especially in CF pts.

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5
Q

Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia

A

nosocomial respiratory infections, especially in CF pts.

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6
Q

Burkholderia Cepacia

A

Nosocomial respiratory infections, especially in CF patients.

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7
Q

Aeromonas Hydrophila

A

Common cause of wound infections contaminated with fresh water, usually spreads systemically!

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8
Q

Chromobacterium violaceum

A

Unusual cause of wound infections from contaminated fresh water, can spread systemically

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9
Q

Elizabethkingia meningosepticum

A

unusual cause of wound infection from water, also can cause meningitis. This was the one that was responsible for recent nosocomial outbreak in Chicago that miller went to help with!

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10
Q

What is Acinetobacter Baumanii?

A

An emerging pathogen that was discovered in soldiers in Iraq. It is transmitted via soil and water.

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11
Q

Can Acinetobacter Baumanii cause colonization without disease?

A

Yes. It can colonize and cause disease, or just colonize.

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12
Q

What is a very concerning problem with Acinetobacter Baumanii?

A

It is becoming MDR!

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13
Q

Treatment for Acinetobacter Baumanii?

A

Carbapenems, and Fluoroquinolones

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14
Q

What are the three primary characteristics of psuedomonas related bacteria?

A
  • Expect to be found only in compromises hosts
  • Expect the source to be from the environment
  • Expect to be antibiotic resistant!
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15
Q

Describe the characteristics of psuedomonas

A

Strict aerobe
Oxidase +
Very resistant to many chemical disinfectants and antibiotics!

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16
Q

What are the virulence factors of pseudomonas?

A

LPS, O antigen, fimbraie, capsule, flagella and a ton of exotoxins and enzyme.

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17
Q

What is unique about the capsule of pseudomonas?

A

There isa slim layer and a mucoid layer.

18
Q

What is the mucoid capsule of psuedomonas?

A

It is alginate and nearly exclusive for CF strains of the bacteria.

19
Q

What are the exotoxins and enzymes released by psuedomonas?

A

Exotoxin A, Exoenzyme S, Cytotoxin (leukocidin), phospholipase C, Elastase and pigments

20
Q

What do most of the toxins and enzymes produced by pseudomonas do?

A

most of them kill or inhibit phagocytic cells. Elastase causes direct damage to lung issues and vessels, it causes indirect damage due to destruction of anti-proteinases.

21
Q

How is pseudomonas transmitted?

A

From the hands of hospital personnel, direct contact with contaminated equipment or ingestion of food or water.

22
Q

What are the six clinically important diseases that pseudomonas can cause/exacerbate?

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Cystic fibrosis Pneumonia
  3. UTI
  4. Burn or wound infection
  5. Dermatitis
  6. Corneal infections
23
Q

What is the defect in nosocomial pneumonia?

A

immunocompromised hospital patient.

24
Q

What are the complications of pseudomonas pneumonia?

A

Bloodstream invasion with septicemia, high mortality

NON-mucoid capsule

25
Q

What is the defect in cystic fibrosis pneumonia?

A

Mucociliary clearance mechanism is impaired

26
Q

What are the complications of cystic fibrosis pneumonia?

A

Chronic progressive lung destruction

Change to a MUCOID capsule

NO bloodstream invasion

27
Q

What is the defect in a burn/wound infection?

A

Break in skin integrity, immunocompromised as a result of burn trauma.

28
Q

What is a common/diagnostic physical exam finding for pseudomonas?

A

GREEN PUS

29
Q

What are the complications of pseudomonas colonization in a burn or wound infection?

A

Spread to the bloodstream–> septicemia–> death

30
Q

What is the defect in a UTI for pseudomonas?

A

The urinary catheter can provide a pathway for colonization or can cause direct contamination

31
Q

What is the defect in dermatitis for pseudomonas?

A

Moist skin from extended exposure to contaminated water, more severe in diabetics or otherwise immunocompromised individuals.

32
Q

What are the complications of pseudomonas dermatitis

A

Generalized dermatitis, acute otitis externa, malignant otitis externa.

33
Q

What is the defect in psuedomonas corneal infections?

A

Scratch in the cornea

34
Q

What is the complication of pseudomonas corneal infection?

A

May have permanent eye damage

35
Q

What is the defect in psuedomonas causing endocarditis?

A

Injection of bacteria into the blood, associated with IVDA. `

36
Q

Define MDR:

A

resistance to at least 1 agent in 3 or more antimicrobial categories.

37
Q

Define XDR:

A

resistance to at least 1 agent in all but 2 or fewer antimicrobial categories.

38
Q

Define PDR:

A

resistant to all agents in all antimicrobial categories.

39
Q

What is the best way to diagnose psuedomonas?

A

Gram stain from certain sites, culture, antibiotic testing sensitivity is essential!!!!

40
Q

Treatment for pseudomonas:

A

Anti-pseudomonal Abx:

  • pip/taz, ticarcillin, carbenicillin
  • 3rd gen ceph: cefepime, ceftazidime, cefaperzone
  • Carbapenems: doripenem, meropenem, imipenem
  • FQs: cipro, fatifloxacin, levofloxaicin
  • Aminoglycosides: amikacin, tobramycin, gent
41
Q

Combination/2 Drug therapy for pseudomonas:

A

Used for serious life-threatening infections:

Carbapenem or cefepime or pip/taz + tobramycin or FQ

42
Q

Prevention of Pseudomonas infection

A

Hand Washing!!!!

Microbiology (13 decks)

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