Haemophilus

Question 1

Are haemophilus gram - or +?

Answer 1

Gram negative

Question 2

Describe the appearance of haemophilus

Answer 2

tiny gram negative coccobacilli.

Question 3

What diseases do haemophilus cause?

Answer 3

Otitis media, conjunctivitis, URT infections, chronic bronchitis, and invasive infections

Question 4

What invasive diseases do haemophilus cause?

Answer 4

cellulitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis.

Question 5

What benefit did the conjugate vaccine have?

Answer 5

Prevented invasive disease of haemophilus

Question 6

H. Parainfluenza is a common cause of ______ in children.

Answer 6

Conjunctivitis

Question 7

What unique group of bacteria is H. Parainfluenza a part of?

Answer 7

HACEK group!

Question 8

Describe Moraxella Catarrhalis

Answer 8

Gram negative diplococci or coccobacilli

Question 9

Why is moraxella grouped together with haemophilus?

Answer 9

They cause similar diseases!

Question 10

Moraxella Catarrhalis is the ____ most common cause of _____ in children.

Answer 10

third; otitis media

Question 11

What are the growth requirements of H. influenza?

Answer 11

Factor X (heme) and Factor V (NAD)

Question 12

Does H. Influenza grow on blood agar?

Answer 12

No! It needs factor X and factor V

Question 13

What type of agar does H. influenza grow on?

Answer 13

Blood agar!

Question 14

What else is unique about the growth requirements for H. Influenza?

Answer 14

It grows best in a CO2 incubator.

Question 15

What are the virulence factors of H. Influenza?

Answer 15

LPS, Fimbriae, capsule, Exo-enzymes (IgA protease and beta-lactamase).

Question 16

What is the major virulence factor of H. Influenza?

Answer 16

The capsule! It is antiphagocytic.

Question 17

What is the most virulent serotype of the capsule of H. Influenza?

Answer 17

Type B! Hence the HiB vaccine!

Question 18

What “type” of H. Influenza are causing disease now and why?

Answer 18

The unencapsulated type are causing disease now because we have the vaccine which targets the Type B serotype.

Question 19

How is H. Influenza transmitted?

Answer 19

Person to person or person to self via spread of normal flora from naso/oropharynx to adjacent tissue or via aspiration into lungs.

Question 20

What type of H. Influenza causes otitis media?

Answer 20

The unencapsulated types.

Question 21

What was H. influenza formerly the most common cause of in children?

Answer 21

meningitis!

Question 22

Historically, what group were at the greatest risk of meningitis and other invasive diseases caused by H. Influenza?

Answer 22

6 mos. to 2 yr olds because they were deficient in the anti-capsule antibody.

Question 23

What are the surface infections caused by H. Influenza?

Answer 23

Otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and chronic bronchitis or pneumonia.

Question 24

what type of H. influenza is causing the majority of surface infections?

Answer 24

The unencapsulated type.

Question 25

What are the invasive infections caused by H. Influenza?

Answer 25

Epiglottitis, cellulitis, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis

Question 26

What type of H. Influenza is causing the invasive infections AND the systemic spread complications?

Answer 26

Type B.

Question 27

What is the best way to diagnose H. influenza

Answer 27

Gram stains of sterile sample, culture on chocolate agar, and serotyping

Question 28

What is the treatment for invasive infections caused by H. Influenza?

Answer 28

Third generation cephalosporins

Question 29

What is the treatment for otitis media caused by H. influenza?

Answer 29

Amoxicillin

Question 30

What is the Hib conjugate vaccine?

Answer 30

It contains a purified type B capsular polysaccharide that is conjugated to a carrier protein.

Question 31

What is the dose schedule for Hib conjugate vaccine?

Answer 31

2, 4, and 6 months.