Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology and final year > PSA revision > Flashcards

PSA revision Flashcards

1
Q

drugs that exacerbate HF

A

Flecanide
NSAIDs
glucocorticoids
verapamil
thiazolidinediones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drugs that cause cardiac arrhythmias

A

anti- ABCDEF

Arrythmias
Biotics
Cycotics (Psychotis)
Depressants
Emetics
Fungals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

common SE of lymecycline

A

photosensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

type of laxatives used with haemorhoids

A

bulk forming laxatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glucocorticoid SEs

A

endocrine
- impaired glucose regulation
- increased appetite/weight gain
- hirsutism
- hyperlipidaemia
- Cushing’s syndrome
- moon face
- buffalo hump
- striae
musculoskeletal
- osteoporosis
- proximal myopathy
- avascular necrosis of the femoral head
immunosuppression
- increased susceptibility to severe infection
- reactivation of tuberculosis
psychiatric
- insomnia
- mania
- depression
- psychosis
gastrointestinal
- peptic ulceration
- acute pancreatitis
ophthalmic
- glaucoma
- cataracts

  • suppression of growth in children
  • intracranial hypertension
  • neutrophilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

starting dose of statin ifQRISK >10%

A

20mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

starting dose of statin for secondary prevention (known IHD, CVD, PAD)

A

80mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Steroids SEs

A

STEROIDS

Stomach ulcers
Thin skin
oEdema
Right and left HF
Osteroporosis
Infction (eg. candida)
Diabetes
cushings Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when to take caution with NSAIDs

A

NSAID

No urine
Systolic dysfunction (ie HF)
Asthma
Indigestion
Dyscrasia (clotting dysfunction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how much fluid bolus should you give

A

500mls - usually
250 if HF
150 if very old
if reduced U/O and tachycardic give 1L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

general rule: what volume of fluids do adults require per day?

A

adults: 3L/24hrs
elderly 2L/24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

daily requirement of KCl

A

40mmol
IV K should not be given more than 10mmol/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anti emetics of choice for N&V

A
  1. cyclizine 50mg 8-hrly IM/IV/oral
  2. metoclopramide 10mg up to 8/hrly IM/IV if HF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes hypokalaemia

A

DIRE
Diuretics: (loop and thiazide)
Intestinal loss (D&V)
Renal tubular acidosis
Endocrine (cushings/ conns)
salbutamol
insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

causes of hyperkalaemia

A

THREADD

Transfusions
Heparin
Reduced gfr/ renal failure
Endocrine (addisons)
Artefact
DKA,
Drugs (K sparing diuretics (spironolactone), ACEi, ARBs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

risks of pancytopenia and neutropenic sepsis

A

clozipine
carbimazole
trimethoprim and methotrexate (both folate antagonists)
chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hypernatraemia casues

A

Ds

Dehydration
Drips (tto much NaCl)
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of microcytic anaemia

A

Fe deficiency
sideroblastic anaemia
thalassaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

causes of normocytic anaemia

A

anaemia of chronic disease
major blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

causes of macrocytic anaemia

A

B12/folte deficiency
alcohol XS
hypothyroism
myeloproliferative disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causes of thrombocytopenia

A

reduced production:
- viral infection
- penicillamine
- myelodysplasia, myelofibrosis, myeloma

increased destruction:
- heparin
- hypersplenism
- DIC
- ITP
- HUS
-TTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

causes of high platelets

A

reactive:
- bleeding
-tissue damage/ infection/ inflammation
- post splenectomy

primary
- myeloproliferative disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

causes of pre-renal AKI

A

hypovolaemia
dehydration
Renal artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

causes of intrinsic AKI

A

INTRINSIC

Ischaemia
Nephrotoxic abx (gentamycin, vancomycine, tetracyclines)
Tablets (ACEi/ NSAIDs)
Radiological contrast
Injury (rhabdomyolysis)
Neg bireferingent (gout)
Syndromes (nephritic/phrotic)
Inflammaition (vasculitis)
Cholesterol emboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

causes of post-renal AKI

A

obstructions
prostate enlargement
tumours
lymphadenopathy

26
Q

what does 1% mean in terms of calculations

A

1g in 100mL

27
Q

drugs CI in asthma and COPD / use with caution

A

NSAIDs
b blockers
adenosine

28
Q

drugs that cause hyperkalaemia

A

ACEi/ARBs
NSAIDs
aldosterone antagonists
Trimethoprim
Ciclosporin
Heparin

29
Q

drugs that cause hypokalaemia

A

B2 antagonists
Thiazides
Loop diuretic s
Insulin

30
Q

drugs that cause hypernatraemia

A

NaCl
steroids
hormones
Lithium
demeclocycline

31
Q

drugs that cause hyponatraemia

A

Thiazides
loop diuretics
carbemazepine
SSRIs
desmopressin
Glicazide
TCAs
opiates
PPIs

32
Q

drugs that cause hypercalcaemia

A

Vit D
Vit A
Thiazide diuretics
Hormones

33
Q

drugs that cause hypocalcaemia

A

bisphosphonates
calcitonin
phenytoin
phenobarbitol
rifampicin
clindamycin
blood transfusions

34
Q

drugs that should be stopped before major surgery

A

I LACK OP

Insulin (short acting)
Lithium (24hrs)
Anticoagulants/ antiplatelets
COCP (4 weeks before)
K sparing diuretics
Oral hypoglycaemics
Penindopril (any ACEi) (24hrs)

35
Q

drugs that cause urinary retention

A

anti muscarinics eg. cyclizine
procyclidine
opioids
NDAIDs
anticholinergics eg. antipsychotics, TCAs, SSRIs
antihistamines
alpha adrenergic agonists- eg. methyldopa

36
Q

drugs that may cause hearing loss

A

loop diuretics
aminoglycosides (gentamycin)
aspirin in toxic doses
cytotoxics (ciclosporin, carboplatin)

37
Q

drugs that accumulate in the kidneys

A

most opioids apart from fentanyl

allopurinol

38
Q

drugs that cause confusion

A

benzos
opioids
steroids (especially in elderly)
bblockers

39
Q

drugs to be avoided if egfr <45 (stage 3B+)

A

nitrofurantoin

40
Q

target INR on day of surgery

A

<1.5

41
Q

thromboprophylaxis of choice in someone with renal impairment

A

unfractionated heparin

42
Q

methods of monitoring each anticoag class

warfarin
LMWH
DOAC
unfractionated heparin

A

warfarin- INR
LMWH- anti factor Xa
DOAC- monitor clinically
unfractionated- aPTT

43
Q

features of hypocalcaemia

A

CATS go Numb

Convulsions
Arrhythmias
Tetany
Seizure
Numbness

Trosseaus sign
Chvosteks sign

QT prolongation

44
Q

treatment of hypocalcameia

A

10mls calcium gluconate 10% IV

45
Q

GP treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis

A

IM benzylpenicillin 1.2g

IM cefotaxime 1g

46
Q

acute treatment of migraine with and without aura

+ prophylaxis Rx

A

without aura- aspirin or ibruprofen

with aura- sumitriptan

Prophylaxis- propranolol

46
Q

acute Rx of clusterheadache and prophylaxis

A

acute: 100% O2 and sumitriptan

prophylaxis- verapamil

47
Q

drugs to be avoided wehn egfr <30 (stage 4+)

A

metformin (glicazide therefore 1st line for pts with CKD)

opioids except fentanyl

taken with caution when egfr <45

48
Q

features of lithium toxicity

A

coarse tremor (a fine tremor is seen in therapeutic levels)
hyperreflexia
acute confusion
polyuria
seizure
coma

49
Q

causes of drug induced lupus

A

sulfonamides
isoniazid
hydralazine
penicillins
phenytoin
methyldopa
procainamide
griseofulvin

50
Q

alernative to PPI if allergic

A

cimetidine

51
Q

mmols of Na in 1L bag of 0.9% NaCl

A

150mmol

52
Q

mmols of K in 1L bag 0.3%KCl

A

40

53
Q

mmols of K in 1L bag 0.15%KCl

A

20

54
Q

grams of glucose in 1L bag 5% glucose

A

50g

55
Q

antiemetic used in parkinsons

A

domperidone best

cyclizine and ondansertron also safe but used short term

56
Q

drugs that can cause hyperglycaemia

A

steroids
thiazides
antipsychotics
tacrolimus

57
Q

drugs that cause incontinence

A

tamsulosin (alpha blockers)
diuretics
clozapine
anticholinesterase inhibitors

58
Q

increased risk of gout

A

diuretics

59
Q

drugs which lower seizure threshold

A

alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
aminophylline, theophylline
bupropion
methylphenidate (used in ADHD)
mefenamic acid
clozapine

60
Q

NB for fluids in patients whove had a stroke

A

avoid giving glucose as risk of cerebral oedema

Pathology and final year (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions