PSA 6 Flashcards
What is the first-line antibiotic for UTI in pregnancy?
Nitrofurantoin (avoid at term) or amoxicillin.
What is the dose of amoxicillin for CAP in an adult?
500 mg PO three times daily.
What antibiotics cover MRSA?
Vancomycin, linezolid, or doxycycline.
What is the treatment for C. difficile infection?
Oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin.
How is sepsis managed in the first hour?
Administer IV antibiotics, fluids (30 mL/kg), oxygen, and measure lactate levels.
What is the initial fluid bolus for a shocked adult?
500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride over 15 minutes.
What is the replacement rate for hyponatremia?
No more than 8-10 mmol/L increase in sodium per 24 hours.
How do you treat hyperkalaemia? (Immediate management)
Calcium gluconate, insulin/dextrose, salbutamol, and potassium-binding resins.
What fluid is used for maintenance in children?
0.9% sodium chloride with 5% glucose.
What are the side effects of methotrexate?
Myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, mucositis, pulmonary fibrosis.
How do you reverse opioid overdose?
Naloxone 400 micrograms IV/IM, repeated as needed.
What monitoring is required for valproate?
LFTs, FBC, and signs of toxicity (tremors, confusion).
What are the contraindications for beta-blockers?
Severe asthma, bradycardia, second- or third-degree heart block.
What is the risk of abruptly stopping steroids?
Adrenal insufficiency.
How do you calculate the dose of enoxaparin for a 60 kg patient with normal renal function?
1 mg/kg SC twice daily = 60 mg SC twice daily.
What is the loading dose of digoxin in a 70 kg adult?
10-15 micrograms/kg: 700-1050 micrograms (e.g., 500 mcg, then 250 mcg later).
What are the first-line antihypertensives in diabetics?
ACE inhibitors (e.g., ramipril).
What drugs are contraindicated in breastfeeding?
Ciprofloxacin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides.
How do you adjust levothyroxine for hypothyroid patients with ischemic heart disease?
Start at a lower dose (e.g., 25 mcg/day) and titrate slowly.
What is the maximum dose of paracetamol in children?
60 mg/kg/day (up to 1 g every 6 hours).
Why is “metformin in eGFR <30 mL/min” a prescribing error?
Risk of lactic acidosis; contraindicated.
What is the risk of prescribing NSAIDs in heart failure?
Fluid retention, worsening heart failure.
Why is “warfarin and aspirin without indication” an error?
Increased bleeding risk without added benefit unless specifically indicated (e.g., mechanical valves).
