Geeky medics Facts Flashcards
Treatment of angina
- even if morphine given
By sublingual administration using aerosol spray
Adult
400–800 micrograms, to be administered under the tongue and then close mouth, dose may be repeated at 5 minute intervals if required; seek urgent medical attention if symptoms have not resolved 5 minutes after the second dose, or earlier if the pain is intensifying or the person is unwell.
Treatment of Pituitary diabetes insipidus
- Vasopressin, intramuscular injection, or by subcutaneous injection, 5–20 units every 4 hours, dose expressed as argipressin.
or
- Desmopressin 100 micrograms, Oral (PO), Three times daily (TDS).
Acute otitis media - paediatric dose
Amoxicillin, Oral (PO).
Child 1–11 months
125 mg 3 times a day for 5–7 days.
Child 1–4 years
250 mg 3 times a day for 5–7 days.
Child 5–17 years
500 mg 3 times a day for 5–7 days.
Naproxen Advice
Naproxen should be stopped if diarrhoea and vomiting or signs of infection occur - NSAID Sick day rules = reduces risk of AKI, in dehydrating illnesses.
QT prolongation search strategy:
“Appendix 1”, ctrl F “QT”, or “prolong QT” - finds the entire table, or ctrl F each drug at a time and see what table its under and do this for all listed
Fungal nail infection
Oral drug:
Monitoring:
Liver function tests:
Monitor hepatic function before treatment and then periodically after 4–6 weeks of treatment—discontinue if abnormalities in liver function tests.
Migraine - Acute tx
- Aspirin and Ibuprofen
- Sumatriptan 50 mg, oral (PO)
New rash, not painful, itchy, works at a nursery, vesicular, around mouth and nose only, vesicles present are small, some have ruptured, leaving golden-brown crust on an erythematous base
Dx:
Tx:
Impetigo
Hydrogen peroxide 1%, 2-3 times daily, Topical (TOP), 5-7 days.
Gentamicin: If the pre-dose (‘trough’) concentration is high…
the interval between doses must be increased.
Gentamicin: If the post-dose (‘peak’) concentration is high…
the dose must be decreased.
Paeds: For eye related ‘allergic’ or hay fever like treatment search:
Eye, allergy and inflammation….
Eye drops:
E.g.
Sodium cromoglicate 2%, 1 drop to each eye, ocular, QDS four times daily.
Eye drops containing antihistamines, such as antazoline with xylometazoline, azelastine hydrochloride, epinastine hydrochloride, ketotifen, and olopatadine, can be used for allergic conjunctivitis.
Sodium cromoglicate and nedocromil sodium eye drops may be useful for vernal keratoconjunctivitis and other allergic forms of conjunctivitis.
Lodoxamide eye drops are used for allergic conjunctival conditions including seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
Primary hypothyroidism Tx:
Levothyroxine: Oral
Adult
Initially 1.6 micrograms/kg once daily, adjusted according to response, round dose to the nearest 25 micrograms, dose to be taken preferably 30–60 minutes before breakfast, caffeine-containing liquids (e.g. coffee, tea), or other medication.
Sepsis - search strategy: and tx
Search: ‘infections’, or ‘Blood infections, antibacterial therapy’
- Piperacillin with Tazobactam
Intravenous infusion
Adult
4.5 g every 8 hours; increased if necessary to 4.5 g every 6 hours, increased frequency may be used for severe infections.
Search strategy: information giving about stopping medications if certain symptoms occur —-
Ctrl F: ‘Advice’ or ‘Patient and Carer Advice’ - section. rather than looking at SEs!
For Chicken pox treatment -
search strategy and tx:
‘Aciclovir’
or ‘Herpes’
-> Herpesvirus infections
Treatment summary
-> Drug choice for treatment -> Aciclovir
Post-exposure prophylaxis of varicella zoster infection, preg/non-preg
Aciclovir, Oral (PO)
Adult
800 mg 4 times a day for 7 days, start course on day 7 after exposure; if the patient presents after this, the course may be started up to day 14 after exposure.
Tension headache - unsearchable so just learn the treatment.
1g Paracetamol PO Oral
Statin monitoring advice:
> 3 times upper limit -?
<3 times upper limit -?
> 3 stop, < 3 continue
Liver function
Liver enzymes should be measured before treatment, and repeated within 3 months and at 12 months of starting treatment, unless indicated at other times by signs or symptoms suggestive of hepatotoxicity. Those with serum transaminases that are raised, but less than 3 times the upper limit of the reference range, should not be routinely excluded from statin therapy. Those with serum transaminases of more than 3 times the upper limit of the reference range should discontinue statin therapy. A
Patient collapses post ‘any medicine’ + wheezy and breathless -?
Anaphylaxis - Adrenaline
ctrl F: -‘anaphylaxis’
Adult
Hydrocortisone, Intramuscular, 500 micrograms, using adrenaline 1 in 1000 (1 mg/mL) injection, repeat dose after 5 minutes if no response; if life-threatening features persist, further doses can be given every 5 minutes until specialist critical care available, to be injected preferably into the anterolateral aspect of the middle third of the thigh.
Omeprazole rare but possible electrolyte imbalance side effect:
Hyponatraemia
What are the different treatment pathways in for COPD?
- search strategy
COPD
1. Stable
- with asthmatic
- ctrl F: ‘with as’
- without asthmatic
- ctrl F: ‘without as’
- Exacerbation
What does COPD with asthmatic features suggest?
Steroid responsiveness, hence ICS part of treatment plan
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Acute tx: (urinary retention)
Tamsulosin hydrochloride, 400 micrograms, oral (PO), once.
Long tx: Finasteride 5 mg oral, OD, takes 6 months to become effective
Acute urinary retention tx:
Acute retention is painful and requires immediate treatment by catheterisation. Before the catheter is removed an alpha-adrenoceptor blocker (such as alfuzosin hydrochloride, doxazosin, tamsulosin hydrochloride, prazosin, indoramin or terazosin) should be given for at least two days to manage acute urinary retention A .
