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PS1016 - social psychology Flashcards

1
Q

social cognition

A

how people process, interpret, and respond to social signals

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2
Q

impression formation

A

where we develop our views or opinions about others based on the information we receive about them

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3
Q

who came up with cognitive algebra

A

Anderson

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4
Q

Asch’s configurational model (2)

A
  • people don’t form impressions in a piecemeal fashion
  • meaning of traits may depend on context or on different traits
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5
Q

central traits (asch 1946)

A
  • two conditions, warm/cold words
  • ppts seeing list with warm were more likely to rate the person as being happy and generous
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6
Q

Non-central traits (Asch 1946)

A
  • two conditions, polite/blunt
  • less differences between groups when words polite and blunt were used
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7
Q

primacy effect (asch 1946)

A
  • two conditions, list shown, then shown backwards
  • ppts seeing first list had more favourable impressions
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8
Q

Kelley (1950) - guest lecturer

A
  • received information about lecturer before lecture
  • half described him as cold, half described him as warm
  • students in ‘cold’ condition engaged in less discussion
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9
Q

schemas

A

mental frameworks that organise and synthesise information

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10
Q

social categorisation

A

we perceive the social world in categories (perception, expectation, interaction)

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11
Q

stereotypes

A

schemas about groups that are shared by different people

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12
Q

heuristics

A

cognitive shortcuts, can lead to biased thinking

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13
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

objects are assigned to categories that share similar attitudes

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14
Q

availability heuristic

A

importance and frequency of events is guided by the ease with which is comes to mind

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15
Q

Nobel Prize in Economics - 2017 Richard Thaler

A

studied psychology of decision making

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16
Q

common sense vs. scientific study

A

knowledge based on personal experience vs. systematic knowledge gathering

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17
Q

science vs. common sense

A

science is a more systematic reliable approach

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18
Q

Three levels of analysis

A

thoughts, feelings, behaviour

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19
Q

Bateson, Nettle & Roberts (2006) = coffee room study

A
  • option to pay for coffee
  • banner: eyes or flowers altering each week above price
  • eye banner, people paid almost 3 times more
  • implied presence of others increases pro-social behaviour
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20
Q

fundamental principles of social psychology

A
  • people construct their own reality
  • social influence pervades all social life
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21
Q

perception and understanding of social world shaped by

A
  • cognitive processes
  • social processes
  • two processes linked, mutually influencing
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22
Q

social psychology as an empirical science - triplett findings

A
  • cyclists race faster when competing than when alone
  • children turned reels faster when competing with another child
23
Q

social psychology as an empirical science - triplett conclusion

A

‘dynamogenic factors’ : presence arouses competitive instincts

24
Q

WW2 - Kurt Lewin

A
  • small discussion groups, how to cook organ meats to overcome resistance
  • people more likely to try organ meat if in discussion groups
25
1950s - 60s boom
foundation for modern social psych
26
1970s - 80s
theoretical integration in other disciplines - social cognition - 'social' social psychology
27
1990s - 2010s
cognitive and social perspectives integrated to provide explanations of people's behaviour
28
social facilitation
tendency to perform better in presence of others than alone (when a task is simple or well learned)
29
social inhibition
tendency to perform worse in presence of others than when alone (when task is complex, not well learned)
30
Michaels et al pool study
- classified pool players as high/low ability - four confederated watched players
31
michael et al pool results
increased shot accuracy for good players, decreased accuracy for poor players
32
applications of social psychology - education
- kurt lewin organ meat - further went on to develop a model proposing people learn through action
33
applications of social psychology - intergroup relations
prejudice reduction/equality and diversity
34
components of (negative) intergroup relations
cognitive - stereotypes affective - prejudice behavioural - discrimination
35
stereotype threat
where an individual feels at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about a group they identify with
36
prejudice
affective response towards a group/members often negative
37
discrimination
negative behaviour towards people based on group membership
38
self-fulfilling prophecy
expectation (she is funny) behaviour (tell us about that time... laughter) corresponding behaviour (humorous story)
39
self-fulfilling prophecy - synder, tanke, bersheid
- interviewed highly attractive or unattractive females by phone - photos unrelated to looks - behaved more warmly to women they believed to be attractive
40
self fulfilling prophecy - Robbers Cave Study
by giving the boys groups, it was enough to create competition and hostility
41
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
test to measure subconscious stereotypes and prejudice
42
Theories of intergroup relations - cognitive account
social categorisation
43
Theories of intergroup relations - motivational account
social identity
44
Theories of intergroup relations - economic account
intergroup connection
45
social categorisation
people are perceived as members of groups rather than as individuals
46
self categorisation
ingroup vs outgroup
47
social identity
part of our identity is derived from group memberships - strive for a positive group image
48
economic account
society is composed of groups that differ in power, economic resources, status
49
dominant groups
maintain positions
50
subordinate groups
reduce inequality
51
realistic conflict theory
prejudice arises from conflicts of interest over limited resources
52
Improving intergroup relations
contact hypothesis - allport
53
contact hypothesis
bringing people from different ethnic groups together will decrease stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination
54

Psychology (9 decks)

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