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Psychology > PS1016 - social psychology > Flashcards

PS1016 - social psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

social cognition

A

how people process, interpret, and respond to social signals

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2
Q

impression formation

A

where we develop our views or opinions about others based on the information we receive about them

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3
Q

who came up with cognitive algebra

A

Anderson

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4
Q

Asch’s configurational model (2)

A
  • people don’t form impressions in a piecemeal fashion
  • meaning of traits may depend on context or on different traits
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5
Q

central traits (asch 1946)

A
  • two conditions, warm/cold words
  • ppts seeing list with warm were more likely to rate the person as being happy and generous
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6
Q

Non-central traits (Asch 1946)

A
  • two conditions, polite/blunt
  • less differences between groups when words polite and blunt were used
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7
Q

primacy effect (asch 1946)

A
  • two conditions, list shown, then shown backwards
  • ppts seeing first list had more favourable impressions
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8
Q

Kelley (1950) - guest lecturer

A
  • received information about lecturer before lecture
  • half described him as cold, half described him as warm
  • students in ‘cold’ condition engaged in less discussion
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9
Q

schemas

A

mental frameworks that organise and synthesise information

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10
Q

social categorisation

A

we perceive the social world in categories (perception, expectation, interaction)

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11
Q

stereotypes

A

schemas about groups that are shared by different people

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12
Q

heuristics

A

cognitive shortcuts, can lead to biased thinking

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13
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

objects are assigned to categories that share similar attitudes

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14
Q

availability heuristic

A

importance and frequency of events is guided by the ease with which is comes to mind

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15
Q

Nobel Prize in Economics - 2017 Richard Thaler

A

studied psychology of decision making

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16
Q

common sense vs. scientific study

A

knowledge based on personal experience vs. systematic knowledge gathering

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17
Q

science vs. common sense

A

science is a more systematic reliable approach

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18
Q

Three levels of analysis

A

thoughts, feelings, behaviour

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19
Q

Bateson, Nettle & Roberts (2006) = coffee room study

A
  • option to pay for coffee
  • banner: eyes or flowers altering each week above price
  • eye banner, people paid almost 3 times more
  • implied presence of others increases pro-social behaviour
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20
Q

fundamental principles of social psychology

A
  • people construct their own reality
  • social influence pervades all social life
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21
Q

perception and understanding of social world shaped by

A
  • cognitive processes
  • social processes
  • two processes linked, mutually influencing
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22
Q

social psychology as an empirical science - triplett findings

A
  • cyclists race faster when competing than when alone
  • children turned reels faster when competing with another child
23
Q

social psychology as an empirical science - triplett conclusion

A

‘dynamogenic factors’ : presence arouses competitive instincts

24
Q

WW2 - Kurt Lewin

A
  • small discussion groups, how to cook organ meats to overcome resistance
  • people more likely to try organ meat if in discussion groups
25
Q

1950s - 60s boom

A

foundation for modern social psych

26
Q

1970s - 80s

A

theoretical integration in other disciplines
- social cognition
- ‘social’ social psychology

27
Q

1990s - 2010s

A

cognitive and social perspectives integrated to provide explanations of people’s behaviour

28
Q

social facilitation

A

tendency to perform better in presence of others than alone (when a task is simple or well learned)

29
Q

social inhibition

A

tendency to perform worse in presence of others than when alone (when task is complex, not well learned)

30
Q

Michaels et al pool study

A
  • classified pool players as high/low ability
  • four confederated watched players
31
Q

michael et al pool results

A

increased shot accuracy for good players, decreased accuracy for poor players

32
Q

applications of social psychology - education

A
  • kurt lewin organ meat
  • further went on to develop a model proposing people learn through action
33
Q

applications of social psychology - intergroup relations

A

prejudice reduction/equality and diversity

34
Q

components of (negative) intergroup relations

A

cognitive - stereotypes
affective - prejudice
behavioural - discrimination

35
Q

stereotype threat

A

where an individual feels at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about a group they identify with

36
Q

prejudice

A

affective response towards a group/members
often negative

37
Q

discrimination

A

negative behaviour towards people based on group membership

38
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

expectation (she is funny)
behaviour (tell us about that time… laughter)
corresponding behaviour (humorous story)

39
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy - synder, tanke, bersheid

A
  • interviewed highly attractive or unattractive females by phone
  • photos unrelated to looks
  • behaved more warmly to women they believed to be attractive
40
Q

self fulfilling prophecy - Robbers Cave Study

A

by giving the boys groups, it was enough to create competition and hostility

41
Q

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

A

test to measure subconscious stereotypes and prejudice

42
Q

Theories of intergroup relations - cognitive account

A

social categorisation

43
Q

Theories of intergroup relations - motivational account

A

social identity

44
Q

Theories of intergroup relations - economic account

A

intergroup connection

45
Q

social categorisation

A

people are perceived as members of groups rather than as individuals

46
Q

self categorisation

A

ingroup vs outgroup

47
Q

social identity

A

part of our identity is derived from group memberships
- strive for a positive group image

48
Q

economic account

A

society is composed of groups that differ in power, economic resources, status

49
Q

dominant groups

A

maintain positions

50
Q

subordinate groups

A

reduce inequality

51
Q

realistic conflict theory

A

prejudice arises from conflicts of interest over limited resources

52
Q

Improving intergroup relations

A

contact hypothesis - allport

53
Q

contact hypothesis

A

bringing people from different ethnic groups together will decrease stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination

54
Q
A

Psychology (8 decks)

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