Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physical science > PS test 2 > Flashcards

PS test 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atoms

A

mostly empty space, majority of mass due to protons and neutrons in neucleus. electrrons in cloud about nucleus of atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Electron

A

(-1) charge (1/18*1 weight of proton) determines chemical properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Proton

A

(+1) charge, number of protons (atomic number) determines the identity of element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neutron

A

(0) charge, number of neutrons determines which isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atomic Weight

A

averaged massed of isotopes of element.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mole

A

weight in grams of AVAGADRO’S NUMBER of particals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Periodic Law

A

properties of elements periodically repeat when elements are arranged in order of atomic numbers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metal

A

form (+) ions, form bases with OH, shiny, malleable, good electrical ex of base Fe(OH)2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Non-Metals

A

form (-1) ions, forms acids with H+, ex. HCI, dull luster, brittle, poor electrical conductors except for graphite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inert Gases

A

unreactive chemically, gases, other elements try to obtain same electron arrangement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Group or family

A

column on the periodic chart with similar properties due to same number of outermost electrons (valence elecctrons) periodic chart is based upon periodic law and (organizes and predicts properties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

electronegitivity

A

Measure of attraction of an element for electrons. Max electroneitivity is Fluorione, F with 4.0, 1/2 difference 1.7, min electronegativity is francium, Fr with 0.70 equals or exceeds. if difference between electronegativities of two elements exceeds 1.7, bond is ionic.
Example : Na2O
electronegativity O = 3.44
electronegativity Na = 0.93
3.44-0.93= a difference of 2.51, this exceeds 1.7, so Na- O bond is ionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ionic Bond (Na+Cl-1)

A

attraction between ions opposite charge bonds elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Activation Energy

A

engergy necessary to start a chemical reaction. Ex. striking a match, paper burning, ect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ion changes

A
  1. metal > take group number and make +, Ex: Sn Metal group IV is Sn^+4
  2. nonmetal > Group Number - 8 = charge, Ex C non-metal group IV is C^-4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chemical change

A

new substance formed Ex: H2(gas)+ 1/2 O2(gas)= H2O, burning paper gives CO2 + Carbon + Water which is not paper but new substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

physical change

A

different form, but same substance: water to ice, breaking a rock, tearing paper still is paper.

18
Q

oxidation

A

occurs same time as reduction, raises charge by removing negative electrons.

19
Q

Rate of chemical reaction depends upon

A
  1. Concentration of chemicals
  2. Temperature (speed of molecules)
  3. Catalyst
  4. Type Bonds
20
Q

colllision theory of chemical reactions

A
  1. molecules must collide to react more collisions= faster
    A. greater concentrations means more collisions
    B. smaller solid particals means more collisions
  2. molecules must be oriented correctly to react.
    A. catalysts orient molecules correctly
  3. speed of molecules increases as temperature increases= faster
21
Q

salt

A

is crystalline compound formed in acid/base reaction.

22
Q

catalyst

A

changes speed of reaction, but is not used up in reaction. it changes speed by changing activation energy

23
Q

law of definite composition composition (proportions)

A

the % of an element in a compound is fixed. Calculation of weight of a mole/atomic weight/ moleculer weight of Ca(HCO3)2

1 * Ca = 1 * 40 = 40
2 * H = 2 * 1 =2
2 * C = 2 * 12 = 24
6 * O = 6 * 16 = 96/162 grams

24
Q

Equilibrium

A

equal rates of reaction in both directions directions and constant temperature.

25
Q

reversable reaction

A

a reation which can go in both directions

26
Q

inert gases elements

A
  1. He
  2. Ne
  3. Ar
  4. Kr
  5. Xe
27
Q

inert gases

A

don’t react, other elements try to become like inert gases in number of electrons.

28
Q

4M

A

means 4 moles in 1 liter of solution (molar solutions) moles/liter concentration

29
Q

namings

A

metals use name of element (non-metals end in ide unless they are polyatomic)

30
Q

dissolving 3 ways

A
  1. dissolve by a chemical reaction > example: zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid
  2. polar and ionic
    (a) surround ions/atoms with solvent
    (b) insulates atom/ions from each other.
    (c) float atoms/ions apart
    example: water dissovling table salt
  3. non-polar and covalent solvents > mixes with molecules of solids and floats them apart like mixing marbles
    example: dissolving grease with gasoline
31
Q

Neutralization

A

Acid + Base _> Salt + Water
HI+RbOH RBI + H2O

H+acid + OH- Base

32
Q

Acid

A

pH below 7, 7 pH neutral, gives hydrogen ions, H+, sour taste like vinegar. reacts with active metals releasing hydrogen

33
Q

Base

A

pH 7.0001 to 14 (above 7)
strong acid gives 100% H+ ions possible example HCI is strongconductor of electricity. weak acid gives 1 to 2% H+ ions possible example HC2H3O2, vinegar, is weak conductor of electricity.

34
Q

covalent bond

A

shared pares of electrons bonds elements (see example on card)

35
Q

water

A

is a polar molecule having one part positive charge and the other with a slight negative charge.

  1. water being a liquid (even though mole weight is only 18 grams)
  2. dissovling power of H2O
  3. Ice floaring duue to holes in ice stucture
36
Q

reduction

A

lowering the chargge by adding - electrons.

37
Q

writing formulas using ion charges

A

make absolute value of charge a subscript on opposite atom. (see examples)

38
Q

balancing equation

A

use coefficients only not subscripts and coefficients only go in front of molecule not in between parts of molecule (see card)

39
Q

”s” cloud

A

see card

40
Q

“p” cloud

A

see card

41
Q

“d” cloud

A

see card

physical science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions