Pryke et al., 2010 (finch sperm competition) Flashcards
Female participation in …-… copulations, in combination with a genetically loaded process of … …, enables female finches to target genes that are optimally … with their own to ensure … and optimise offspring ….
extra-pair, sperm competition, compatible, fertility, viability
- such female behaviour, along with postcopulatory processes demonstrated here, may provide an adaptive function of female infidelity in socially monogamous animals
In socially monogamous species, extra-pair sexual relationships provide an opportunity for females to ensure against the fitness costs of genetically … partnerships and improve the genetic … of at least some of their offspring by mating with extra-pair males that are either more genetically … or of higher genetic … than their social partner.
incompatible, quality, compatible, quality
This study looked at the socially monogamous … ….
In this species, genetic incompatibility between … and … head-colour morphs results in high offspring … rates (… higher than compatible pairs of the same head colour)
Gouldian finch, black, red, mortality, 60%
Mate compatibility is … by head colour, which is determined by a …-linked gene.
- Females hemizygous (Zr = black or ZR = red)
- Males homozygous (ZrZr = black, ZRZR = red ) or heterozygous (ZRZr = red)
signaled, Z
Finches display mate preference for their own morph type, though up to … breeding pairs in the wild are mixed morph (perhaps due to … on preferred mate availability)
30%, constraints
Captive females breeding in compatible or incompatible pairs were presented with the opportunity to gain an extra-pair copulation with either a compatible or an incompatible male. How was this done?
On the day after the female began egg-laying, she was separated from her social partner by an opaque divider and a virgin male in breeding condition was placed with the female for 60 minutes
There were …-… mate preferences and was clear selection against mixed morph mating.
Surprisingly, females from all contexts were … likely to engage in extra-pair behaviour. Overall, … of females copulated with the extra-pair male. All successful copulations (cloacal contact) were preceded by active female … - no forced copulation attempts worked (though these were rare anyway)
morph-assortative
equally, 77.5%, solicitation
Extra-pair males displayed to females 95% of the time and…
did not discriminate between compatible and incompatible females
Most females quickly solicited extra-pair males … of their compatibility or … behaviours
irrespective, display
For males, extra-pair copulations can increase their … … with limited investment.
For females, extra-pair copulations with compatible males increase the number of … she produces. However, the female bears the cost of this additional investment.
reproductive success,
eggs
Why may females solicit extra-pair copulations with incompatible males?
- Unable to always accurately assess male compatibility (e.g. red females unable to discriminate between heterozygous and homozygous versions of morph)
Females can store sperm from different males within their … … for an extended period of time.
reproductive tract
The 31 extra-pair copulations resulted in a … number of fertilised offspring among broods
+ EP males gained disproportionate fertilisation success 24-48hrs after copulating (most often just once)
disproportionate
More offspring per brood were fathered by the extra-pair male in the … context (pair male incompatible, extra-pair male compatible) than in the two … contexts.
adaptive, neutral
Due to the timing of copulation, the EP male could not fertilise the first two eggs and was limited to the third to ninth eggs.
Okay
Females copulated … frequently with incompatible social mates than with compatible partners.
+Especially after EP copulation with compatible males in females paired with incompatible males.
This didn’t explain the greater extra-pair fertilisation efficacy in this context.
less
Compared with the neutral contexts, EP copulations resulted in significantly more EP offspring in the … context, and significantly fewer in the … context (than expected from the … number of EP and P copulations)
adaptive, maladaptive, relative
Differences in … size by EP and P males may, in part, explain the disproportional fertilisation success of the EP males, though the considerable differences in postcopulatory success … EP males shows how dramatically genetic compatibility can bias the outcome of fertilisation.
ejaculate, among
Extra-pair copulation with a compatible male resulted in a … increase in offspring survival in females with an incompatible pair mates, compared to those forced to mate exclusively with an incompatible pair mate.
38.9%
Extra-pair copulation with a compatible male resulted in a … increase in offspring survival in females with an incompatible pair mates, compared to those forced to mate exclusively with an incompatible pair mate.
38.9%
- may allow female to avoid effects of inbreeding hybridisation or target positive effects of heterosis
- thought to be especially important in systems in which females cannot phenotypically or behaviourally assess compatibility
To understand the evolution of female polyandry in socially monogamous animals, both …- and …-… processes must be accounted for
pre-, post-copulatory
Look at graphs for this one
It’s a bit annoying
