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Morfosintaxis II > PRUEBA 2 > Flashcards

PRUEBA 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the valency patterns:

A
  • Intransitive
  • Ditransitive
  • Monotrasitive
  • Copular
  • Complex transitive
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2
Q

INTRANSITIVE (valency pattern)

A

S + V

Ex: Sarah and Michael disappeared.

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3
Q

DITRANSITIVE (valency pattern)

A

S+V+IO+DO

Ex: You gave her the egg.

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4
Q

MONOTRASITIVE (valency pattern)

A

S+V+DO

Ex: She changed her dress.

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5
Q

COPULAR (valency pattern)

A

S+V+SP//S+V+A

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6
Q

COMPLEX TRANSITIVE (valency pattern)

A

S+V+DO+OP//S+V+DO+A

Ex: That makes me so mad // They’re sending us to Disneyland

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7
Q

DITRANSITIVE PATTERN CAN BE FOLLOWED BY:

A
  • PP (prep. Phrase)
  • IO

Ex: He gave all the info to the FBI
To the FBI = PP and IO, also as an adverbial

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8
Q

MONOTRASITIVE PATTERN CAN BE FOLLOWED BY:

A
  • DO
  • Complement Clause
    Ex: He said he was going to make a group
    He was going to make a group = DO (it) or Complement Clause
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9
Q

TYPES OF OPTIONAL ADVERBIALS:

A
  • Intransitive (S+V+(A))
    Ex: He went to the shop (A)
  • Transitive (S+V+O+(A))
    Ex: He ate rice tonight (A)
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10
Q

VERBS WITH MULTIPLE VALENCY PATTERNS: (3 groups)

A
  • SPEAK and HELP
  • FIND and MAKE
  • STAND, CHANGE and MEET
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11
Q

SPEAK and HELP go with:

A
  • INTRANSITIVE (Money helped too)

- MONOTRANSTIVE (The stewards all spoke French)

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12
Q

FIND and MAKE can go with:

A
  • MONOTRASITIVE (We might find a body)

- COMPLEX TRANSITIVE (The sheer intensity of the thing made me nervous)

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13
Q

STAND goes with:

A
  • INTRANSITIVE + Optional Adverbial. (I just stood there)

- MONOTRANSTIVE + Complement Clause (as DO) (Could you stand being alone with me for five or six days?)

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14
Q

CHANGE and MEET go with:

A
  • MONOTRANSTIVE (I (want to) change my clothes)
  • INTRANSITIVE (Things change)
  • INTRANSITIVE + Optional Adverbial (We could meet in Tucson)
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15
Q

TYPES OF PREDICATIVES:

A
  • Subject predicative

- Object predicative

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16
Q

TYPES OF PREDICATIVES:

A
  • Subject predicative

- Object predicative

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17
Q

SUBJECT PREDICATIVE also known as:

A

‘SUBJECT COMPLEMENT’

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18
Q

OBJECT PREDICATIVE also known as:

A

‘OBJECT COMPLEMENT’

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19
Q

SUBJECT PREDICATIVE:

A

Characterize/Specify the subject noun phrase

Ex: His skin was very pale

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20
Q

OBJECT PREDICATIVE:

A

Characterize/specify the DO noun phrase

Ex: Oh, I can’t get this milk open.

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21
Q

VERB OF SUBJECT PREDICATIVE:

A

COPULAR

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22
Q

VERB OF OBJECT PREDICATIVE:

A

COMPLEX TRANSITIVE VERB

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23
Q

OBLIGATORY ADVERBIALS occur in two patterns:

A
  • COPULAR pattern

- COMPLEX TRANSITIVE pattern

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24
Q

Examples of OBLIGATORY ADVERBIALS:

A

Your toast is on the table (A)(COPULAR)
It lasted well (A) (COPULAR)
I treated her badly (DO+A) (COMPLEX TRANSITIVE)
She placed the baby on a blanket in the living room (DO+A) (COMPLEX TRANSITIVE)

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25
Q

SYNTACTIC FORMS OF ADVERBIALS: (3)

A
  • Single adverbs (She never does anything)
  • Noun phrase (Well I went to that wedding Saturday)
  • Prepositional phrase (The man came to stay with them for a few weeks each year)
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26
Q

TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES IN TERMS OF FORM:

A
  • FINITE (Clause introduce by other subordinators, Relative Clause, That-clause, Wh-clause)
  • NON-FINITE (-Ing, -ed, To-inf and verbless clauses)
27
Q

FUNCTION of dependent clauses:

A

Complement, adverbial etc

28
Q

DEGREE OF ATTACHMENT TO THE MAIN CLAUSE of dependent clauses:

A

Integrated, peripheral, unembedded

29
Q

IMPERATIVE CLAUSES:

A

(S) + V + (O/A/P)

ADDRESSEE = A VOCATIVE. (Jack, grow up!)

30
Q

UNEMBEDDED DEPENDENT CLAUSES:

A

Paris Workers to Strike (IN NEWSPAPERS)

31
Q

DANGLING PARTICIPLES also known as:

A

UNATTACHED PARTICIPLES -ING/-ED CLAUSE

32
Q

In DANGLING PARTICIPLES:

A

The understood subject ISN’T the subject in the main clause

Ex: Leaving the road, the deep resin…surrounded them

33
Q

DISLOCATION is:

A

how info is distributed in spoken language

34
Q

DISLOCATION consists on having:

A

Into two separate chunks

35
Q

TYPES OF DISLOCATION:

A
  • PREFACES. Definite noun phrase in initial position (That picture of a frog, where is it?) “That picture of a frog” is coreferential with the subject pronoun
  • NOUN PHRASE TAGS. Definite noun phrase goes after the clause (Did they have any, the kids?)
36
Q

CLEFTING is:

A

info broken into 2 clauses

37
Q

TYPES OF CLEFTING:

A
  • It-clefts: (It’s a man what I want) - I want a man. A man (DO) is the extra focused element
  • Wh-cleft: (What I want is something to eat, now!) - I want something to eat. Something to eat (DO) is the extra focused element
38
Q

REVERSED WH-CLEFTS:

A

Wh-clause and focused element change positions.

Ex: Help is [what I want], not your pity (EARLY/INITIAL PLACEMENT)

39
Q

DEMONSTRATIVE WH-CLEFTS:

A

Wh-clause and focused element (PRONOUN DEMONSTRATIVE IN THIS CASE) switch positions.

Ex: This is [what I want]

40
Q

WH-CLEFTS can be followed by:

A
  • Noun phrase
  • To-inf clause
  • Bare inf phrase
41
Q

WH-CLEFTS have:

A

DOUBLE EMPHASIS

42
Q

IT-CLEFTS are formed by:

A

it + BE

43
Q

IT-CLEFTS can be followed by:

A
  • PP (It was only for the carrot that they put up…)
  • ADVERB (It is here that the finite element…)
  • NP (It was his eyes that held me)
44
Q

INFORMATION FLOW PRINCIPLE:

A

Given info + New info (the focused element)

Ex: The police has finally arrested the suspect.

45
Q

TWO TYPES OF INVERSION:

A
  1. Full Inversion OR subject-verb Inversion
    VERB + SUBJECT
  2. Partial inversion OR subject-operator
    AUX VERB + SUBJ + MAIN VERB
    Are you sure? (Function: INTENSIFICATION)
46
Q

OBJECT PREDICATIVE aparece con:

A

COMPLEX TRANSITIVE VERBS (get, consider, call)

47
Q

People called him something

A

People called him (IO) something (DO)

48
Q

UNMARKED/USUAL WORD ORDER:

A

S + V + ITS COMPLEMENTS

49
Q

SYNTACTIC role of verbless clauses:

A

ADV CLAUSE

50
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE of verbless clauses:

A

SUBORDINATOR + CLAUSE ELEMENTS

51
Q

Verbless clauses:

A

NO VERB THANKS TO ELLIPSIS!

52
Q

TYPES OF PERIPHERAL ELEMENTS: (6)

A
  • Fixed in initial position
  • Parentheticals
  • Prefaces
  • Tags (Noun phrases, Interrogative, Declarative clauses)
  • Inserts
  • Vocatives
53
Q

PERIPHERAL: Fixed in initial position

A

And/Because/But NOT COORDINADAS

54
Q

PERIPHERAL: Parentheticals

A

Entre paréntesis

55
Q

PERIPHERAL: Tags

A

Noun phrases: (It’s nice that table anyways)
Interrogative clauses: (She’s so generous, isn’t she?)
Declarative clauses: (Yeah, I thoroughly enjoyed it, I did)

56
Q

PERIPHERAL: VOCATIVES

A

NPs that IDENTIFIES THE PERSON’S ADDRESSED
Ex: Mum, I’m making breakfast
Oh, make up your mind, boy!

57
Q

FRONTING es:

A

cuando una clause es movida al principio de la frase, antes del verbo.

58
Q

TYPES OF FRONTING: (4)

A
  • Fronted objects
  • Fronted nominals other than objects
  • Fronted predicatives
  • Fronted non-finite constructions
59
Q

FRONTING: Objects

A

(pronombres, sustantivos etc)

Por ejemplo: This I do not understand. Qué no entiende? This (pronombre demostrativo).

60
Q

FRONTING: Predicates

A 
MAKE A COMPARISON
SUBJECT-VERB INVERSION
TYPES: 
The more...the more...
So...THAT-CLAUSE OF DEGREE
Ex: So preoccupied was he that...
Far more serious were the severe head injuries
61
Q

FRONTING: NON-FINITE CONSTRUCTIONS

A

NON-FINITE VERB + ITS COMPLEMENTS
BARE INF: ECHOES THE VERB BEFORE/THAT PRECEEDS.
Ex: I had said he would come down and come down he did.

ING AND -ED CLAUSES: (Standing in its cock-eyed doorway) was a German coronel.

62
Q

FRONTING: FRONTED ELEMENTS IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES

A

AS/THOUGH (SUBORDINATORS)
INVOLVE CONTRAST
Ex: Try as she might to make it otherwise
Unsuccessful though they have been in their proposals

63
Q

INVERSION IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES (6)

A
  • As and than to make a comparison. Ex: They are in a better position to offer personal service than one are those
  • Clauses of manner (as). Ex: Charlotte was impressed, as were the other guests
  • Conditional clauses with hypothetical/tentative using SHOULD, HAD and WERE (CHANGED FOR IF) Ex: Should either of these situations occur,
  • Conditional clauses with universals/alternatives (CHANGED FOR WHATEVER/WHETHER). Ex: his whole shelf, come what many
  • Interrogative. Ex: And she said would we like these shirts.
  • Reporting clauses: Ex: ,said Gwen/him

Morfosintaxis II (5 decks)

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