Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vineyards > Provence > Flashcards

Provence Flashcards

1
Q

Who founded the area now known as Provence

A

The Phocaeans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When did the Phocaeans first inhabit the area

A

600 years BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 3 most prominent modern day cities they founded in the area

A

Avignon, Marseilles and Nice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was France’s first wine region

A

Modern Day Provence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What city in Provence were grape vines first established.

A

Marseilles (ancient name: Massilia or Massalia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Phocaean name for modern day Nice

A

Nikaia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Phocaean name for Avignon

A

Avenio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When did the Roman rech Provence

A

121 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the Roman name for Provence

A

Nostra Provincia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nostra Provincia was part of what larger Roman province

A

Gallia Narbonensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What City was Gallia Narbonensis named for?

A

Narbonne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the historical significance of Narbonne

A

It was the first city established by the Romans in Gallia Narbonensis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What other Gallic wine regions developed under the Romans

A

Languedoc, Rhone Valley, Burgundy and Champagne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the geographical significance as to why these regions were established

A

The Romans used rivers for trade and these are located along rivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Provence was at the crossroads of…..?

A

4 Major Roman trade routes, Via Domitia, Via Aurelia, Via Aquitana (the slide only lists 3, ask Clement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were the characteristics of Roman red wine

A

They were mostly red wines of a pale red color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where did rose begin?

A

In Provence under the Romans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many grapes are allowed to be grown in Provence

A

36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was the value of a Roman Amphora full of wine worth to the Gallic tribes

A

The value of a slave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Massilla winemakers introduce about 100 BC

A

Short maceration prior to fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did this process produce?

A

Wines of a pale, rose petal color.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who valued the pale wine as a drink of prestige?

A

Roman aristocrats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

After the fall of the roman empire, of what origins were some of the grapes introduced to Provence?

A

Greek, Roman, Spanish, Italian among traditional french wine grapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What century did winemaking see real growth in Provence?

A

5th Century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who pretty much giverned wine making from the end of the middle ages to the 19th century?

A

The Christian church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Through what mechanism did they control wine production and distribution

A

Local Abbeys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In the 14th century, what happened in Provence?

A

The Kingdom’s great noble families, its notables and grand officers of the Royal Army

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What this do?

A

It laid the foundation for the region’s modern viticulture and made rose wine prestigious.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What happened beginning in 1880?

A

Phylloxera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How long did it last?

A

Only to 1890

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happened in 1890?

A

The railway system was developed due to the industrial revolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What did the railway system do?

A

It opened up new markets for provencal wines particularly in the capital, Paris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happened as a result?

A

Demand for Rose wine and its production increased considerably.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What did new difficulties, linked to overproduction, give birth to?

A

The cooperative movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When was the first national law administratively recognizing appellations.

A

1905

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which appellation of Provence is recognized in the original 6 AOC’s?

A

Cassis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When was it recognized?

A

1936

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When was the regional AOC of Cotes-de-Provence recognized?

A

1977

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the main cities of the Region?

A

Masseilles, Nice, Aix-en-Provence, Cannes, Grasse, Monaco,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What city is the administrative center?

A

Marseilles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the culinary specialty of Marseilles?

A

Bouillabaisse and Aioli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the culinary specialty of Nice?

A

Pissaladiere and the Socca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What was Aix-en-Provence at one time?

A

The Capital of Prrovence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is Aix-en-Provence’s culinary specialty?

A

Calisson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Provence has a wide range of Terroirs but generally it has what Climatic characteristics?

A

Very little rainfall, the highest sunshine in France (Avg. 2850/hr/yr.), high temps but strong sea influence and The Mistral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is The Mistral?

A

Cool winds that flow down the Rhone Valley from the mountains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what does The Mistral help lower the risk of?

A

Fungal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the geological makeup of the west and north?

A

Limestone Mountains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the geological makeup of the east?

A

Granite, schist and volcanic sheltered valleys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are the wild plants of Provence?

A

Rosemary, Juniper, Thyme and Lavender.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are they called when growing on limestone/clay?

A

Garrigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are they called when growing on crystalline schist?

A

Maquis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

How many grapes are allowed to be grown in Provence?

A

36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What are the more common white grapes?

A

Rolle, Ugni Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Semillon, Bourboulenc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the more common red grapes?

A

Grenache noir, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan, Cinault, Counoise, Tannat, Cab. Sav., Tibouren, Braquet, Folle Noir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

This is the end of slide 10

A

Really

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the principal wine of Provance

A

Rose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Rose wine can be made through what processes

A

Direct Pressing, Maceration, Bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Which process is the dominant one?

A

Masceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What about Rose is regulated under the AOP rules?

A

Color.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Why?

A

Its hugely important to customers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What imparts the color?

A

Harvest, grapes, the temperature of winemaking and maceration time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Is Rose aged or matured?

A

Typically NO!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

How many IGP’s in Provence?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

How many AOP’s

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

How many bottles are produced annually?

A

150 million bottles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What percentage is Rose?

A

89% in volume

68
Q

What percent of Provence wines are AOP?

A

88%

69
Q

Provence produces how much of France’s rose wine?

A

40% in volume

70
Q

What percentage of the world’s wine does it produce?

A

5.6%

71
Q

What is the main AOP of Provence?

A

Cotes de Provence.

72
Q

When was it awarded?

A

1977 as an AOC

73
Q

What is the wine color make up of Cotes de Provence?

A

90% Rose, 6.5% red, 3.5% white

74
Q

Main red grapes of Provence?

A

Cinsault, Grenache, Syrah

75
Q

Main white grapes of Provence?

A

Rolle, Clairette, Semillon, Unni Blanc

76
Q

What must all Cotes de Provence wines be?

A

Blends and <4g/l residual sugar

77
Q

In 2005 what happened?

A

5 areas can add their names to the larger AOP as subdivisions.

78
Q

What are they?

A

La Londe (3 colors), Sainte-Victoire (Rose & Red), Frejus (Rose & Red), PierreFeu (Rose & Red), Notre-Dame-des-Anges (Rose & Red)

79
Q

What is the “Classification” of Provence?

A

Cru Classe

80
Q

How many Domains out of 300 can use it on their label?

A

23 domains

81
Q

How many criteria must be met?

A

4

82
Q

What are the 4 criteria?

A

Direct sale, bottling on the property, minimum 18 months of aging before sale, The use of an AOP or brand prior to 1935

83
Q

What is it based on and what is it not?

A

Antecedence and not qualitative criteria

84
Q

What else can Domains with the “Cru Classe” designation do?

A

Produce a 2nd or even a 3rd wine and use “Cru Classe” on the label

85
Q

What is not planned for the classification?

A

A revision, so those with it, will have it in perpetuity.

86
Q

What year was the AOP Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence awarded?

A

1985

87
Q

What is its significance?

A

Its the 2nd largest AOP of Provence at 4020 ha.

88
Q

What’s the color production?

A

82% Rose, 13% Red, 5% White

89
Q

Main Red Grapes?

A

Cinsault, Grenache, Mourvedre, Counoise, Syrah

90
Q

Main White grapes

A

Rolle, Clairette, Ungi Blanc, Semillion, Savignon

91
Q

What must all wines be?

A

Blends with < 4g/l residual sugar

92
Q

Where is Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence located?

A

Its the most western of the Provincial AOP’s

93
Q

What does law require of Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence Rose wines?

A

That they be made predominantly from Maceration rather than Direct Pressing.

94
Q

What year was the AOP Coteaux Varios-en-Provence awarded?

A

1993

95
Q

What is its significance?

A

Its the 3rd largest AOP in Provence at 2500 ha.

96
Q

What is the color production?

A

90% Rose, 7% Red, 3% White

97
Q

Main red grapes?

A

Cinsault, Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah

98
Q

Main white grapes?

A

Rolle, Clairette, Ungi Blanc, Semillion, Grenache B

99
Q

What must all wines be?

A

Blends and < 4 g/l residual sugar

100
Q

Where is Coteaux Varois-en-Provence located?

A

In the heart of “Calcareous Provence”

101
Q

What does law require of Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence Rose wines?

A

That they be made predominantly from Maceration rather than Direct Pressing.

102
Q

When did AOP Les Beau-de Provence get designated?

A

1985 as an AOC

103
Q

What is it known for?

A

Big Bold Reds

104
Q

What is the Climate?

A

Hot

105
Q

Color makeup of production?

A

Reds 48%, Rose 45% with Whites added recently to the AOP

106
Q

Red Grapes?

A

Grenache, Mourvadre, Syrah

107
Q

White grapes?

A

Rolle, Clairette, Rousanne, Grenache B

108
Q

What must all wines be?

A

Blends with <4 g/l residual sugar

109
Q

When was AOP Palette awarded?

A

1948

110
Q

What is it known as?

A

The smallest in Provence at 43 ha

111
Q

Color production?

A

55% Red, 30% white, 15% Rose

112
Q

How many grapes are allowed?

A

31 total, 15 Red and 16 White

113
Q

As all wines must be Blends, what is its nickname?

A

The Châteauneuf-du-Pape of Provence

114
Q

Production is dominated by a single producer, Who?

A

Chateau Simone.

115
Q

What is the Maturing requirement for whites and roses?

A

8 months min.

116
Q

What is the aging requirement for Reds

A

18 months min.

117
Q

When was AOP Pierrevert awarded?

A

1998 as an AOC

118
Q

What is its formal name?

A

AOP Coteaux de Pierrevert

119
Q

Where is it located?

A

Its the most northern Provincial AOP with 450 ha

120
Q

What is the wine color distribution?

A

60% Rose, 30% Red and some Whites

121
Q

Main Red Grapes?

A

Grenache, Carinan, Cinsault and Syrah

122
Q

Main. White Grapes?

A

Rolle, Clairette Roussanne and Grenache B

123
Q

What is the Terrior known for ?

A

Some of the highest vineyards in France at up to 1000 meters

124
Q

What is AOP Cassis known for?

A

Its one of the original 6 AOC awarded in May 17th, 1936 and is where the first grapes were planted in France by the Phoenicians

125
Q

What grape was brought by the Phoenicians

A

Ungi Blanc

126
Q

When was it first documented as a wine area.

A

In a 1381 notarized text, as “L’Arene” near the sea.

127
Q

When did it first start the production of white wine.

A

In the 16th century.

128
Q

Where are the AOP Cassis vineyards located?

A

200 ha ringed on all sides by the sea

129
Q

What must the vineyards be planted with?

A

60% Marsanne and Clairette

130
Q

What are the wine colors of the AOP Cassis?

A

70% white, 27% Rose, 3% Reds

131
Q

When was AOP Bardol decreed?

A

1941

132
Q

Where is it located

A

Directly east of Cassis

133
Q

What is unique about Bandol vineyards?

A

They descend on Marl and Limestone terraces toward the sea.

134
Q

What protects them to the north?

A

The 1147m Massif of Sainte Baume

135
Q

What is the max. yield?

A

40 hl/ha

136
Q

What grape excels in the specific geology and climate of Bandol?

A

Mourvedre.

137
Q

How many other grapes are grown?

A

11

138
Q

Wine colors

A

Rose (73%), Reds (22%), Whites (5%)

139
Q

What is dictated by the AOP for Mourvedre grapes?

A

That they be from vines at least 8 years old and that they undergo 18 months of maturation before bottling.

140
Q

What is the makeup of Bandol red wines?

A

50-95% Mourvedre blended with Grenache and Cinsault.

141
Q

What is the makeup of Bandol Rose wines?

A

20-95% Mourvedre blended with Grenache and Cinsault.

142
Q

What are the makeup of White wines?

A

Blends of Clairette, Ugni Blanc and Bourboulenc.

143
Q

Describe the Red wines of Bandol?

A

Full bodied and age-worthy

144
Q

Describe the Rose wines of Bandol?

A

Full Bodied.

145
Q

Describe the White wines?

A

Pure and clean.

146
Q

When was the AOP Bellet decreed?

A

1941

147
Q

What is one thing it is known as?

A

A small AOP of 55 ha in the hills in the westside of Nice, inside the Nice City limits

148
Q

Wine Colors?

A

Red 40%, White 36%, Rose 24%

149
Q

What grape is used to predominantly make the white wines of Bellet?

A

Rolle (Italian Vermentino)

150
Q

How many grape varietals is the red wine made from?

A

4

151
Q

What are the 2 local varietals?

A

Folle Noire and Braquet

152
Q

What are the mediterranean varietals.

A

Grenache and Cinsault

153
Q

How is the Rose wine made?

A

From 3 grapes including 1 native: Braquet ( an old family name), Grenache and Cinsault

154
Q

What is happening to Bellet

A

It is shrinking due to tourism and real estate development in Nice

155
Q

What happens to the wine produced there?

A

It is consumed in Nice by tourists and locals.

156
Q

Who is a producers of Bellet Braquet wine?

A

Le Clos Saint-Vincent

157
Q

What is Sean Sawyer’s favorite spirit?

A

Pastis.

158
Q

Pastis is ….?

A

an anise based spirit.

159
Q

What other mediterranean anise based spirits are there?

A

Ouzo (Greek), Absinthe (French), Sambuca (Italy), Arak (Lebenon)

160
Q

Where is Anise beleived to have originated?

A

Lebanon/Syria

161
Q

What other flavorings may go into Pastis?

A

Tonka Bean, Cardamom, Thyme, Sage, Rosemary

162
Q

How is Pastis produced?

A

Each ingredient is extracted in separate Maceration processes in Alcohol

163
Q

What are the critical factors affecting each separate ingredient maceration?

A

Temperature, Quantity of ingredient, Duration of Maceration and Degree of Alcohol

164
Q

What happens after each ingredient is macerated separately in Alcohol

A

They are blended

165
Q

Does Pastis fall under AOP Rules

A

No, so there is a level of freedom. for the maker.

Vineyards (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions