Protozoology: Amoeba Lec Flashcards by Julia Aguirre

Are single celled eukaryotic organisms with different sizes and shape

Protozoans

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Protozoans includes:

cytoplasm, nucleus, karyosome, vacuoles, reproduction, locomotory organelles

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What are two cytoplam in protozoans?

Ectoplasm, endoplasm

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for respiration;
for procurement and digestion of food;
for excretion of metabolic wastes;
for protection

Outside

Ectoplasm

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with more fluid present

Endoplasm

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most important organelle

nucleus

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Nucleus
: Contains the ____essential to life
: For___and_____-of the organism

Chromosomes: Reproduction and genetic transmission

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parasitic protozoan, the nucleolus is termed

Karyosome

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the arrangement of the nucleus or the karyosome are one of the basis for…

Identification of parasite

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karyosome can be found ______and surrounded by _____ that’s why it is the basis for identification

eccentric: chromatin granules

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contains vacuoles: food reserve (____ and ____) - carb reserve

Glycogen, protein

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takes place in the human host

asexual

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stage takes place in the mosquito

sexual

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maybe asexual and/
or sexual
* May also involve binary fission

reproduction

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what locomotory organelles?

flagella,cilia, pseudopodia

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arising from the ectoplasm – primary
basis of classifying the organisms.

locomotory organelles

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2 Subphyla

Subphylum Sarcodina,Subphylum
Mastigophora

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Subphylum Sarcodina superclass?

Rhizopoda

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Subphylum Sarcodina class

lobosea

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Subphylum
Mastigophora Class?

Zoomatisgophora

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Pseudopodia

Amoeba

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Flagellates

flagella

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Species that inhabit the digestive tract

Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba coli
Endolimax nana
Iodomoeba butschlii
Blastocystis hominis

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Specie that inhabits the oral cavity

Entamoeba gingivalis

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Species that inhabit the brain

* Naegleria sp. * Acanthamoeba sp.

Subphylum Mastigophora: Specie that inhabits the digestive tract

* Giardia lambia * Trichomonas hominis * Chilomastix mesnili * Dientamoeba fragilis

Species that inhabit the oral cavity (M)

Trichonomas tenax

Species that inhabits the genitalia

Trichonomas vaginalis

Species that inhabit the circulatory system

* Leishmania sp * trypanosoma sp

What is the locomotory organelles in phylum ciliophora?

cilia

Phylum ciliophora class:____

kinetogarminophorea

Phylum ciliophora order:

Trichostomatida

Example of ciliates

Balantidium coli

* No locomotory organelles * With Apical Complex Polar rings Rhoptries Micronemes

Phuylum Apicomplexa

Phylum Apicomplexa class:

Sporozea

Phylum Apicomplexa subclass:

Coccidea

Phylum Apicomplexa order:

Eucocidiida

Phylum Apicomplexa suborder:

Eimeriina, Haemosporina

Phylum Apicomplexa

Cryptosporidium sp Isospora sp Sarcocystis sp Toxoplasma gondii

All amoeba develop a cyst stage except

E. gingivalis

All are found in the colon except

E. gingivalis

* All amoeba are commensals except

E. histolytica (pathogenic)

Vegetative stage Possesses locomotory organelles

Trophozoite Stage

Infective stage More resistant to the environment

Cyst Stage

* Stained DFS * For detection of trophozoite

Diarrheic /dysenteric stool

For detection of cyst stage

Formed stool-stained DFS; FECT (low infection)

used for propagating/multiplication of E. histolytica we culture it to see more number of trophozoite

Culture Method

What are the culture method?

* Locke's egg serum (LES) * Rice Egg Saline (RES) * Robinson's culture method

* DNA detection * To differentiate E. histolytica and E. dispar

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

* To differentiate E. histolytica and E. dispar

Serological test (Antibody detection test)

Diarrheic stool at best ___ min

What are the diagnosis?

Diarrheic /dysenteric stool, Formed stool-stained DFS; FECT (low infection), Culture Method, PCR, Serological test, Rectal Biopsy, Liver aspirate examination

to control the spread likewise to cut the lifecycle

Prevention and Control

Asymptomatic/mild infection - _____ Moderate to severe infection- _____ Amoebic liver abcess - ______

Diloxanide Vursate metronidazole metronidazole

What are the treatment cases?

Avoiding the use of night soil as fertilizer Proper waste disposal Proper hygiene Regulation of food handler

o Fecalysis should be done every ______

6 months

* Morphologically the same as E. histolytica * Not invasive * No ingested RBCS in the trophozoite stage * Does not elicit the production of serum AbS

Entamoeba dispar

* First reported as an intestinal amoeba of pigs and monkeys * Occasionally seen in human In Papua New Guinea

Entamoeba polecki

Common intestinal amoeba of human

Entamoeba polecki

smallest amoeba

Endolimax nana

trophozoite to cyst

encystation

cyst to troph

excystation

Blastocystis hominis was formerly classified as ____( ____)

yeast (Genus Schizosaccharomyces)

what organelle does blastocystis hominis has? and can only seen in?

Mitochondrion with protozoan morphology; electron microscope

What reproduction does blastocystis has?

Asexual through binary fission

Know as brain eating amoeba

Naegleria fowleri

what does naegleria fowleri causes?

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

What are the signs and symptoms of n. fowleri?

Frontal headache, fever, and congested nasal passages then meningeal irritation

commensal life cycle

Portal of Entry – mouth Mode of Transmission – Ingestion of infective cyst Habitat – intestine Portal of Exit – Anus ** NO tissue Invasion

commensal life cycle

Portal of Entry – mouth Mode of Transmission – Ingestion of infective cyst Habitat – intestine Portal of Exit – Anus ** NO tissue Invasion

trophozoite --> cyst

Encystation

cyst --> troph

excystation

ENTAMOEBA COLI life cycle

Portal of Entry – mouth Mode of Transmission – Ingestion of infective cyst Habitat – intestine Portal of Exit – Anus ** NO tissue Invasion

Blastocystis hominis life cycle

Transmission : Ingestion of the parasite from contaminated food and water *** infective stage : not known yet. Pathogenesis : causes diarrhea with abdominal cramps; anorexia Diagnosis: Stool Examination - Vacuolated forms Treatment: Metronidazole

Naegleria fowleri life cycle

Portal of Entry: Nose (Nasal Cavity) Infective stage: Amoeboid trophozoite Mode of Transmission : intranasal instillation of amoeba *** enters through the nose and travels to the brain Diagnosis : Demonstration of amoeboid trophozoite in CSF and in Histopathologic section Treatment: anti-microbial and antiamoebic