Protozoology Flashcards
What are the development stages of the protozoa?
Trophozoit and cyst
What are the properties of the trophozoit?
Can move, feed, multiply and die
What are the properties of the cyst?
Is responsible for surviving in unfavourable environment, not showing biochemical
activity is a dormant structure
How can the protozoa be classified?
By the type of movement: amoeba, ciliate, flagellate and sporozoa
List two amoebas.
Entamoaeba sp., Acantamoeba sp., Naegleria sp.
What is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery?
Entamoeba histolytica
What can Entamoeba histolytica cause?
amoebic dysentery, liver, lung and brain abscess
What is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?
Naegleria fowleri
What is the causative agent of amoebic keratitis?
Acanthamoeba castellani.
Which protozoa can cause steatorrhea?
Giardia lamblia
What is the treatment of giardiasis?
Metronidazole
Which protozoon can cause prostatitis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
Which protozoon can spread by sexual contact?
Trichomonas vaginalis
Which protozoa can spread by the bite of sand fly?
Leishmania sp.
What kind of disease can be caused by Leishmania sp.?
Cutan, mucocutan and visceral leishmaniosis
How can leishmaniosis diagnose?
Giemsa-staining of biopsied material
Treatment of leishmaniosis?
stibogluconate in combination with g-IFN and amphotericin-B
What are the causative agent of Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense
How can the sleeping sickness spread?
By the bite of tsetse fly
What are the symptoms of sleeping sickness?
lethargy, meningoencephalitis, dementia, somnolence, coma
What is the treatment of sleeping sickness?
Suramin, melarsoprol
What is the causative agent of Chagas diseases?
Trypansoma cruzi
How can spread the Chagas disease?
By the faeces of the kissing bug during the bite
What is the treatment of Chagas disease?
Nifurtimox, the chronic stage is untreatable
What kind of diseases can be caused by Cryptosporidium parvum?
watery diarrhoea which lasts to 1-2 week
What is the treatment of cryptosporidiosis?
Oral rehydration
What is the final host of Toxoplasma gondii?
Cats
In which population can Toxoplasma cause serious disease?
In pregnant women and in immunocompromised population
What is the treatment of toxoplasmosis?
Spiramycin, pyrimethamine combined with sulphonamide
. How can malaria spread?
By the bite of Anopheles mosquito, transpalcental and by transfusion
What are the symptoms of malaria (4 symptoms)?
periodic high fever, chills, head ache pain in joints and muscle, anaemia, hepato and
splenomegaly, kidney failure
How can malaria diagnose?
blood: thick droplet, thin film stained by Giemsa, IF, PCR
What is the treatment of malaria?
chloroquine, mefloquine and artemisin, hypnozoites by primaquine
Prevention of malaria by chemoprophylaxis?
. chloroquine, mefloquine, doxycycline
Prevention of malaria by vaccine?
. Available vaccine since 2018 against Plasmodium falciparum. The content of the
vaccine is a fusion protein.
How can Balantidium coli spread?
By fruits, vegetable contaminated by pig manure or by faecal oral route
What are the symptoms of balantidiasis?
dysentery with abdominal pain, tenesmus
Treatment of balantidiasis?
metronidazole, tetracycline
