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Microbiology > Protozoology > Flashcards

Protozoology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the development stages of the protozoa?

A

Trophozoit and cyst

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2
Q

What are the properties of the trophozoit?

A

Can move, feed, multiply and die

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3
Q

What are the properties of the cyst?

A

Is responsible for surviving in unfavourable environment, not showing biochemical
activity is a dormant structure

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4
Q

How can the protozoa be classified?

A

By the type of movement: amoeba, ciliate, flagellate and sporozoa

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5
Q

List two amoebas.

A

Entamoaeba sp., Acantamoeba sp., Naegleria sp.

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6
Q

What is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

What can Entamoeba histolytica cause?

A

amoebic dysentery, liver, lung and brain abscess

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8
Q

What is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?

A

Naegleria fowleri

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9
Q

What is the causative agent of amoebic keratitis?

A

Acanthamoeba castellani.

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10
Q

Which protozoa can cause steatorrhea?

A

Giardia lamblia

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11
Q

What is the treatment of giardiasis?

A

Metronidazole

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12
Q

Which protozoon can cause prostatitis?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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13
Q

Which protozoon can spread by sexual contact?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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14
Q

Which protozoa can spread by the bite of sand fly?

A

Leishmania sp.

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15
Q

What kind of disease can be caused by Leishmania sp.?

A

Cutan, mucocutan and visceral leishmaniosis

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16
Q

How can leishmaniosis diagnose?

A

Giemsa-staining of biopsied material

17
Q

Treatment of leishmaniosis?

A

stibogluconate in combination with g-IFN and amphotericin-B

18
Q

What are the causative agent of Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense

19
Q

How can the sleeping sickness spread?

A

By the bite of tsetse fly

20
Q

What are the symptoms of sleeping sickness?

A

lethargy, meningoencephalitis, dementia, somnolence, coma

21
Q

What is the treatment of sleeping sickness?

A

Suramin, melarsoprol

22
Q

What is the causative agent of Chagas diseases?

A

Trypansoma cruzi

23
Q

How can spread the Chagas disease?

A

By the faeces of the kissing bug during the bite

24
Q

What is the treatment of Chagas disease?

A

Nifurtimox, the chronic stage is untreatable

25
Q

What kind of diseases can be caused by Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

watery diarrhoea which lasts to 1-2 week

26
Q

What is the treatment of cryptosporidiosis?

A

Oral rehydration

27
Q

What is the final host of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Cats

28
Q

In which population can Toxoplasma cause serious disease?

A

In pregnant women and in immunocompromised population

29
Q

What is the treatment of toxoplasmosis?

A

Spiramycin, pyrimethamine combined with sulphonamide

30
Q

. How can malaria spread?

A

By the bite of Anopheles mosquito, transpalcental and by transfusion

31
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria (4 symptoms)?

A

periodic high fever, chills, head ache pain in joints and muscle, anaemia, hepato and
splenomegaly, kidney failure

32
Q

How can malaria diagnose?

A

blood: thick droplet, thin film stained by Giemsa, IF, PCR

33
Q

What is the treatment of malaria?

A

chloroquine, mefloquine and artemisin, hypnozoites by primaquine

34
Q

Prevention of malaria by chemoprophylaxis?

A

. chloroquine, mefloquine, doxycycline

35
Q

Prevention of malaria by vaccine?

A

. Available vaccine since 2018 against Plasmodium falciparum. The content of the
vaccine is a fusion protein.

36
Q

How can Balantidium coli spread?

A

By fruits, vegetable contaminated by pig manure or by faecal oral route

37
Q

What are the symptoms of balantidiasis?

A

dysentery with abdominal pain, tenesmus

38
Q

Treatment of balantidiasis?

A

metronidazole, tetracycline

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