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Microbio lab > Protozoans > Flashcards

Protozoans Flashcards

1
Q

that branch of medical sciences that deals with parasites that cause or transmit disease to man.

A

Medical Parasitology:

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2
Q

organisms that live in or on a host deriving food and shelter and causing harm to that host.

A

Parasites:

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3
Q

“Any two organisms living in close association, commonly one living in or on the body of the other,

A

Symbiosis

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4
Q

One partner benefits but the other is not hurt.

A

Commensalism:

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5
Q

Both partners benefit.

A

Mutualism:

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6
Q

One partner harms or lives on the expense of the other

A

Parasitism:

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7
Q

live within the host causing infection.

A

Endoparasites:

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8
Q

live on the external surface of the host causing infestation.

A

Ectoparasites:

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9
Q

only visits the host to get its meal.

A

Temporary parasite:

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10
Q

always fixed to the host.

A

Permanent parasite:

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11
Q

produces disease only in immunodeficient hosts.

A

Opportunistic parasite:

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12
Q

When an organism can live free or establishes a parasitic existence depending on a host.

A

Facultative Parasitism

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13
Q

When an organism establishes a permanent parasitic existence and is completely dependent on the host.

A

Obligatory parasitism:

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14
Q

occasionally an organism parasitizes a species other than its usual host.

A

Accidental or incidental parasitism:

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15
Q

They infect host where they cannot live or develop further.

A

Abberant or wandering parasite:

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16
Q

in which the adult or sexually reproducing form of the parasite lives.

A

Definitive host

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17
Q

in which the parasite lives during its larval stage or asexually reproducing form.

A

Intermediate host:

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18
Q

an animal harboring the same stage of the parasite like in human and represent a potential source of infection to man.

A

Reservoir host:

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19
Q

“usually an arthropod”: transmits parasites from infected organisms to other hosts.

A

Vector

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20
Q

Habitat

A

Small intestine
Large intestine
Blood vessels
Organs; liver, lung, heart, brain,
Muscles
Lymphatics
Reticuloendothelial system
Cells as red blood cells

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21
Q

Transmission Source

A

Water
Soil
Raw vegetables & fruits
Animals
Fish
Vector [Arthropods]
Blood

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22
Q

Transmission Mode of infection

A

Ingestion (Oro-fecal)
Inhalation
Penetration of skin & mucous membrane
Bite of vector (vertical transmission)
Direct contact
Congenital transmission
Blood transfusion
Sexual
Trans-mamary

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23
Q

Parasitic toxic products:

A

produce allergy or necrosis.

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24
Q

Anaemia:

A

Malarial parasite & Ancylostoma.

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25
Q

Mechanical obstruction:

A

Ascaris.

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26
Q

Mechanical pressure:

A

Hydatid cyst.

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27
Q

Abortion or Congenital anomalies:

A

T. gondii.

28
Q

PROTOZOANS TRANSMISSION:

A

mostly from one host to another within

29
Q

PROTOZOANS PATHOGENESIS:

A

Attachment to host followed by replication

Shifting of antigen expression to evade immune response of host defences.

30
Q

PROTOZOANS Antiprotozoal Agents:

A

Agents target the Nucleic Acid synthesis protein

Synthesis or specific metabolic pathway unique to the protozoan parasites:

31
Q

Entamoeba histolytica stage

A

Trophozoites
Cyst

32
Q

Entamoeba histolytica -Lab diagnosis:

A

stool for cyst stage

33
Q

stool for cyst stage color and reagent

A

Reddish brown with iodine

34
Q

Giardia lamblia diesease

A

GIARDIASIS

35
Q

GIARDIASIS Ingestion of csyt- _________ stimulates Excystation

A

Gastric acid

36
Q

GIARDIASIS Release of Trophozoites in

A

duodenum and jejunum

37
Q

GIARDIASIS transmission

A

Oro fecal
Person to person
Uncooked produce

38
Q

GIARDIASIS Immunity:

39
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis disease

A

TRICHOMONIASIS

40
Q

TRICHOMONIASIS transmission

A

Sexual
Fomites
Birth Canal

41
Q

TRICHOMONIASIS percentage

A

5-20 in women
2-10 in men

42
Q

Trichomoniasis lab

A

Urine sediments
Secretion (vaginal and prostatic)

43
Q

Leishmania Species stage

A

Amastogote (Aflagellar)
Promastigote (Flagellated)

44
Q

Leishmania Species vector

A

Sand flies

45
Q

Sand flies spp

A

(Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia)

46
Q

Leishmania Species Natural habitat in man:

A

Reticuloendothelial system

47
Q

Leishmania Species reproduction

A

Binary fission

48
Q

Leishmania Species disease

A

KALA-AZAR
(black sickness)
(dumdum fever)

49
Q

Leishmania Species lab

A

tissue biopsy,

Spleen, bone marrow, lymph
node aspiration (Giemsa Stain)

Serologic testing

50
Q

Leishmania Species Pathogenesis:

A

-Reduced bone marrow activity

51
Q

Leishmania Species spleen damage leads to

A

anemia
thrombocytopenia
leukopenia

52
Q

VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

A

Leishmania donovani

53
Q

CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

A

Leishmania tropica

54
Q

MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

A

Leishmania braziliensis

55
Q

Trypanosoma disease

A

TRYPANOSOMIASIS

56
Q

Trypanosoma brucei disease

A

Sleeping sickness
(African Trypanosomiasis)

57
Q

Trypanosoma brucei stage of life

A

Amastigote:
Promastigote:
Trypomastigote

58
Q

elongated and spindle shape body

A

Trypomastigote:

59
Q

Trypanosoma brucei vector

A

Tsetse fly

60
Q

Tse tse fly habitat

A

shaded stream banks
Cattle raising countries-domestic animal host

61
Q

Gambian sleeping sickness:

A

Winterbottoms sign

62
Q

Trypanosoma brucei Lab

A

Anticoagulated blood preparation exam

63
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi disease

A

Chagas disease
(American Tripanosomiasis)

64
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi vector

A

reduviid bugs

65
Q

Erythematous and endurated area

Microbio lab (4 decks)

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