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Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of fungi; its genetics, biochemical properties, and taxonomy

A

Mycology

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2
Q

First saw the fungal spores

A

1588 - Giambatista Della Fort

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3
Q

The development of Mycology
Saw spores and induce growth into fungi

A

Pierre Antonio Michelis

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4
Q

Century when the ability of fungi to invade animals and plants were discovered

A

19th century

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5
Q

1st documented animal infection

A

Bassi

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6
Q

The fungi of the 1st documented animal infection

A

Beauveria bassiana

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7
Q

Created the specie Plantarum

A

1750’s - Carl Linnaeus

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8
Q

Established taxonomy of mushroom and the father of Mycology

A

1761-1836 - Hendrik Persoon

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9
Q

Development of Mycology in the 20th century

A

Antibiotics

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10
Q

Kingdom

A

Fungi

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11
Q

Nutritional type; requiring organic compounds for energy and carbon

A

Chemoheterothrophs

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12
Q

Multicellularity

A

All except yeast

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13
Q

Cellular arrangement

A

Unicellular
Filamentous
Fleshy

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14
Q

Reproductive feature

A

Sexual
Asexual

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15
Q

Food Acquisition

A

Absorptive (Saprophytic)

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16
Q

obtaining food by absorbing dissolved organic material

A

Saprophytic

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17
Q

Fungi does not produce _________ for food

A

Chlorophyll

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18
Q

Oxygen requirement

A

Aerobic
Facultative
Rarely anaerobic

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19
Q

Components of the cell membranes

A

Glucan
Mannan
Chitin

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20
Q

Where are sterols found in fungi

A

Cell membranes

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21
Q

Fungi benefits

A

Produces food and drugs
Have symbiotic relationship with other plants
Helps farming ants to digest

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22
Q

fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the roots of many plants

A

Mycorrhizae

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23
Q

Means the catabolism and growth

A

Vegetative structure

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24
Q

Parts of Molds and Fleshy Fungi

A

Thallus
Hyphae
Mycelium

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25
Q

AKA the body; consist of long filaments

A

Thallus

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26
Q

The long filaments in thallus

A

Hyphae

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27
Q

internal walls that usually have little pores that are large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria and sometimes nuclei to flow among cells

A

Septa

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28
Q

Hyphae that are divided into cells are called

A

Septatehyphae

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29
Q

They are one long cell that is not divided into compartments

A

Coenocytic hyphae

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30
Q

Hyphae for nutrients

A

Vegetative hyphae

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31
Q

Hyphae for reproduction

A

Aerial hyphae

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32
Q

a network of fungal threads or hyphae that is visible to the unaided eye

A

Mycelium

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33
Q

Unicellular ascomycetes, non-filamentous fungi that are powder-like and typically spherical or oval-like molds

A

Yeast

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34
Q

saccharomyces forms protuberance the other surface and divides unevenly

A

Budding yeast

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35
Q

1 parent cell of yeast can produce _______ daughter cells

A

24

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36
Q

divides evenly to produce 2 offsprings

A

Fission yeast

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37
Q

Another name for Fission yeast

A

Schizosaccharomyces

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38
Q

The increase of yeast cells in fission yeast produces a colony similar to _______

A

Bacteria

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39
Q

Yeast metabolic classification

A

Facultative
Anaerobic

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40
Q

Yeast with oxygen

A

Performs aerobic respiration to metabolize CHO to carbohydrates

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41
Q

Yeast without oxygen

A

Ferments CHO to Ethyl Alcohol

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42
Q

CHO components

A

CO2 and H2O

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43
Q

The most pathogenic classification

A

Dimorphic fungi

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44
Q

Factors affecting dimorphic fungi

A

Temperature
CO2

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45
Q

Dimorphic Temperature yeast like

A

37 celsius

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46
Q

Dimorphic Temperature mold like

A

25 celsius

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47
Q

CO2 ________ _________ causes change in appearance of fungi

A

Concentration change

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48
Q

Asexual cycle where spore-producing branches break into fragments and releases spores for germination

A

For filamentous Fungi

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49
Q

These are called reproductive spores

A

Fungi spores

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50
Q

Sterols present in fungi

A

ergosterol

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51
Q

Chitin is also found in

A

Crustaceans shells
Clams

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52
Q

Synthesis of ergosterol

A

Squalene -> Lanosterol -> Ergosterol

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53
Q

Squalene -> Lanosterol enzyme

A

squalene epoxidase

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54
Q

Lanosterol -> Ergosterol enzyme

A

14α-demethylase

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55
Q

Formed from aerial hyphae

A

Spores

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56
Q

Reproduction produced by individual fungus and by mitosis and cell division

A

Asexual

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57
Q

2 types of Asexual spores

A

Conidiospores
Sporangiospore

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58
Q

These are asexual spores not enclosed in a sac

A

Conidiospores

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59
Q

2 types of Conidiospores

A

Arthroconidia
Blastoconidia

60
Q

Reproduce by fragmentation

A

Arthroconidia

61
Q

Arthroconidia example

A

Coccidioides immitis

62
Q

Reproduce by forming buds

A

Blastoconidia

63
Q

Blastoconidia examples

A

Candida albicans

64
Q

Reproduce by forming with sac

A

Sporangiospore

65
Q

Sporangiospore example

A

Rhizopus fungi

66
Q

Another term for sac

A

Sporangium

67
Q

fusion of the cytoplasm of two or more cells as distinguished from fusion of nuclei

A

plasmogamy

68
Q

last phase in the process of fusing two haploid eukaryotic cells together during fertilization, and it refers to the fusion of two nuclei in particular.

69
Q

restores the haploid number of chromosomes and initiates the haploid phase, which produces the gametes

70
Q

AKA sac fungi
Sac containing asexual spores

A

Ascomycota

71
Q

Ascomycota examples

A

Morels and truffles

72
Q

Club-like structure containing asexual spores

A

Basidiomycota

73
Q

Basidiomycota examples

74
Q

Basidium produces what kind of spores

A

Basidiospores

75
Q

AKA zygote fungi/zygomycetes
Form a thick-walled spore
Grows on meat, cheese, and bread
Lives in dark, moist, and warm environment

A

Zygomycota

76
Q

Zygomycota Example

A

Rhizopus Stolonifera

77
Q

AKA Mitosporic and Fungi Imperfecti
Group without asexual spores

A

Deuteromycota

78
Q

Deuteromycota examples

A

Penicillin notatum
Penicillin chrysogenum

79
Q

Zygomycota spore

A

Zygospores

80
Q

Known as brewer’s yeast

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

81
Q

Unusual eukaryote, lack mitochondria,
Clinical diseases are chronic diarrhea and keratoconjunctivitis

A

Microsporidia

82
Q

4 medically important phylla of fungi

A

Ascomycota
Basiomycota
Zygomycota
Deuteromycota

83
Q

General term for fungal infection

84
Q

4 types of mycoses

A

Superficial
Cutaneous
Subscutaneous
Systemic/deep

85
Q

fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nail

A

Superficial mycoses

86
Q

fungal infections beneath the skin

A

subcutaneous mycoses

87
Q

aka dermatophytes

A

Cutaneous mycoses

88
Q

Dermatophytes causes

A

Dermatomycosis

89
Q

Fungal infection that affects full body system

A

Systemic mycoses

90
Q

Allergic reaction

A

Hypersensitivity

91
Q

Allergic reaction produces _________ which is cell mediated immunoresponse

92
Q

Ingestion of food contaminated with fungal toxin

A

Mycotoxicosis

93
Q

Amanita mushroom produces

A

Amanitin and phalloidin

94
Q

This is coumarin derivative

95
Q

CAuses liver toxicity

A

Aspergillus flavus

96
Q

Ingestion of poisonous fungi

A

Mycestismus

97
Q

Superficial Mycoses

A

Black Piedra
White Piedra
Tinea Versicolor
Tinea Nigra

98
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses identification

A

KOH Mount
Wood’s lamp

99
Q

Mucocutaneous Mycoses Clinical diseases

A

Candidiasis

Oral thrush
Vaginitis
Diaper rash

100
Q

AKA Rose Gardener’s Disease

A

Sporotrichosis

101
Q

Sporotrichosis fungi

A

Sporothrix shenckii

102
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A

Chromoblastomycosis
Mycetoma
Sporotrichosis

103
Q

Respiratory disease but may spread to the skin, bones, and brains

A

Coccidioidomycosis

104
Q

Coccidioidomycosis fungi

A

Coccidioides immitis

105
Q

Respiratory disease from decaying wood

A

Blastomycosis

106
Q

Blastomycosis fungi

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

107
Q

Enlargement of lymph nodes, lesion in the lungs

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

108
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis fungi

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

109
Q

TB like disease from bird and bat dropping

A

Histoplasmosis

110
Q

Histoplasmosis fungi

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

111
Q

Respiratory disease but may spread to the skin, bones, and brains

A

Coccidioidomycosis

112
Q

Opportunistic Pathogens

A

Candida albicans

Cryptococcus neoformans

Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus fumigatus

Pneumocystis jiroveci

112
Q

most common opportunistic fungal infection
acquired through inhalation and IV catheters

A

Candidiasis

113
Q

Candidiasis fungi

A

Candida albicans

114
Q

Acquired by inhalation of dried plasma dropping and common among patients with aids

A

Cryptococcosis

115
Q

asthma-like condition

A

Aspergillosis

116
Q

leading cause of death for AIDS pateints

A

Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia

117
Q

Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Fungi

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

118
Q

Aspergillosis fungi

A

Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus fumigatus

119
Q

Cryptococcosis fungi

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

120
Q

Anti fungal based on structures

A

Polyenes
Allylamines
Azoles
Griseofulvin
Flucytosine

121
Q

Directly binds to ergosterols

122
Q

Inhibits squalene epoxidase synthesis

A

Allylamines

123
Q

Allylamines DX

A

Naftitine
Terbinafine
Tolnaftate

124
Q

Polyenes Dx

A

Amphotericin B
Nystatin
Natamycin

125
Q

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis, enzyme 14-a demethylase, CYP 450

126
Q

Azoles Dx

A

Ketoconazole

127
Q

Soucre for Amphotericin B

A

Streptomyces nodosus

128
Q

Amphotericin B Dx of choice for

A

Systemic mycoses

129
Q

Nystatin source

A

Streptomyces noursei

130
Q

Nystatin Dx of choice for

A

Candidiasis

131
Q

Natamycin source

A

Streptomyces natalnensis

132
Q

Natamycin Dx of choice for

A

fungal conjunctivitis
mucocutaneous candidiasis

133
Q

Uses mitotic spindle poison

A

Griseofulvin

134
Q

Griseofulvin source

A

Penicillium griseofulvum

135
Q

Griseofulvum Dx of choice for

A

Ringworm infection

136
Q

Inhibits fungal DNA and RNA synthesis
Converted to 5FU

A

Flucytosine

137
Q

Griseofulvin must be taken with a ______

138
Q

Used to treat seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and pityriasis versicolor

A

Selenium Sulfide

139
Q

For cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

A

KISS
Potassium Iodid Saturated Solution

140
Q

Given with azoles to decrease its toxicity

A

Amphotericin B

141
Q

Best alternative to Amphotericin B for systemic mycoses

A

Fluconazole

142
Q

Fluconazole Dx of choice for

A

Cryptococcosis

143
Q

Amphotericin B duration of therapy

A

2 to 3 months

144
Q

Amphotericin B Adverse Dx Reaction

A

Reversible Azotemia

145
Q

amphotericin B form that has less Adverse Dx Reaction

Microbio lab (4 decks)

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