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Parasitology - review > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

single-celled eukaryotes (organisms whose cells have
nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually
associated with animals, most notably mobility and
heterotrophy

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

move by means of locomotory organelles that arise from

the _____

A

ectoplasm

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3
Q

locomotory organelle or parasitic amoeba

A

Pseudopods

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4
Q

only pathogenic amoeba

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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5
Q

pathogenic and free-living protozoa

A
  • Naegleria fowleri
  • Acanthamoeba spp.
  • Balamuthia mandillaris
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6
Q

protozoa named by Schaudin

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

progressive motility with hyaline, fingerlike
pseudopods
-rapid progressive undirectinal

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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8
Q

karyosome: small, central and delicate nuclear

karyosomal chromatin

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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9
Q

Stages of development for protozoa

A

Trophozoites and cysts

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10
Q

peripheral chromatin: fine, evenly distributed peripheral chromatin

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

Entamoeba histolytica inclusions (troph)

A
  • Ingested red blood cell

- Charcot-Leyden crystals

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12
Q

-Charcot-Leyden crystals stained with trichrome stain)

A

bright red

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13
Q

karyosome of E. histolytica

A

Small and central

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14
Q

Entamoeba histolytica inclusions (cyst)

A

chromatoidal bars: cigar shaped
chromatoidal bodies on trichrome: bright red
C.bodies in iodine: do not stain
-Diffuse glycogen mass in trichrome is colorless

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15
Q

MOT of Entamoeba histolytica

A

: ingestion of food or water contaminated by

cysts of the organism

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16
Q

feeding stage
motile
liquid watery stools
not stained by Iodine

A

Trophozoite

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17
Q

nonfeeding, nonmotile, formed stool

stained by iodine

A

Cyst

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18
Q

Amoeba that are not intestinal dwellers

A

E. gingivalis (mouth)
Acanthamoeba
Naegleria

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19
Q

amoeba that does not undergo encystation

A

E. gingivalis

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20
Q

infective stage of amoeba

A

cysts

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21
Q

diagnostic stage

A

cyst and troph

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22
Q

infections by E. histolytica

A

Liver abscess
Amoebic pericarditis
cutaneous amoebiasis
genital amoebiasis

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23
Q

caharacteristic of intestinal amoebiasis of E. histolytica

A

FLASK SHAPE ULCER

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24
Q

ANCHOVY SAUCE LIKE

A

liver abscess in E. histolytica

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25
Q

B. VIRULENT FACTORS of E. histolytica

A
  1. Gal/Gal Nac lectin: cytoadherence
  2. Amebapores: poreformers
  3. Cysteine proteinase: tissue invasiveness
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26
Q

lab diagnosis of E. histolytica

A
  1. Direct Fecal Smear
  2. Liver aspiration biopsy
  3. Culture – Non-nutrient agar seeded with E. coli
  4. Serologic test (SREHP)
  5. Concentration test
  6. Radiographic non-invasive techniques:
    X-ray/MRI/CT scan
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27
Q

stain for troph

A

Quensel’s methylene blue

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28
Q

Stains for troph and cyst

A

Best carmine stain
trichrome stain
Iron hematoxylin stain

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29
Q

what to do if e first examination is negative.

A

If possible,
three specimens passed at intervals of 2-3 days
should be examined.

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30
Q

Good preservation of morphology of protozoan
trophozoites and cysts
• Easy preparation of permanent stained smears

A

Schauddinn’s fixative

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31
Q

Iodine and concentration techniques destroy

A

Trophozoites

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32
Q

Stool must be transported in the laboratory in room

temperature within

A

1 hour

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33
Q

is an
environment-friendly stool preservative that is useful for
amebic trophozoites

A

SAF (Sodium acetate-Acetic Acid-Formalin)

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34
Q

Lugol’s iodine

A

cyst diagnosis

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35
Q

sluggish, nonprogressive motility

A

Entamoeba coli

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36
Q

Entamoeba coli karyosome

A

eccentrically located

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37
Q

Entamoeba coli inclusion

A

vacuole containing bacteria

witch broom stick appearance of diffuse glycogen mass

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38
Q

nuclei of Entamoeba coli cysts

A

1 - 8

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39
Q

E. histolytica cyst nuclei

A

1 - 4

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40
Q

nonprogressive motility

A

E. hartmanni

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41
Q

E. hartmanni cyst nuclei

42
Q

E. hartmanni cytoplasmic inclusion

A

Diffuse glycogen mass

43
Q

CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES

A
  1. Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique
  2. Acid-ether concentration technique
  3. Zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation
  4. Brine’s flotation
  5. Sheather’s flotation
44
Q

Preferred for concentrating coccidian oocysts

like those of Isospora and Cryptosporidium

A

Sheather’s flotation

45
Q

Brine’s floatation Uses saturated salt solution with a specific
gravity of ____

46
Q

SG of ZnSO4 in Zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation

47
Q

specific gravity must be adjusted to ____ when using formalin preservative in ZnSO4 technique

48
Q

Recommended for animal parasites, Trichuris,

Capillaria and Schistosoma eggs

A

Acid-ether concentration technique

49
Q

40% HCl serves as clearing agent

A

Acid-ether concentration technique

50
Q

Good preservation of helminth eggs, larvae and
protozoan cysts; sediments can be stored for
long period of time

A

Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique

51
Q

in Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique, what is formalin’s action?

A

as preservative

52
Q

in Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique, what is ether’s action?

A

fat removal

53
Q

witch broom stick appearance of diffuse glycogen inclusion

54
Q

E. hartmanni is distinguished from E. histolytica by ____

55
Q

“cross-eyed cyst”, QUADRINUCLEATE cyst

A

Endolimax nana

56
Q

: large glycogen vacuole (stains with IODINE) cyst

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

57
Q

E. hartmanni inclusions

A

ingested bacteria

58
Q

Cyst with one (1) nuclei (uninucleated)

A

Entamoeba poleckii

Iodamoeba butschlii

59
Q

Entamoeba poleckii inclusion

A

ingested bacteria and food particles

60
Q

endolimax nana inclusion

A

bacteria but not within

61
Q

Blot-like appearance of karyosome

A

E. nana

*centrally, large & irregular

62
Q

Iodine loving amoeba (cyst)

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

63
Q

progressive sluggish motility

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

64
Q

amoeba with no cyst

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

65
Q

Active motility

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

66
Q

cytoplasmic inclusions of Entamoeba gingivalis

A

food vacuoles containing WBC

67
Q

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

68
Q

blunt like pseudopodia with sluggish motility

A

Naegleria fowleri

69
Q

has 3 known morphologic forms

A

Naegleria fowleri

70
Q

Naegleria fowleri 3 known morphologic forms

A

1) Amoeboid trophozoite
2) Flagellate
3) Cyst

71
Q

Smears of CSF are prepared from _____ for N. fowleri

A

CSF sediment

72
Q

The stains used for Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are

A

H&E

and Wright’s stain.

73
Q

MOT of Naegleria

A

: intranasal (enters mucosal

membranes)

74
Q

Acanthamoeba (Hartmannella) castellani MOT

A

amebae probably spread directly to the meninges

from the nasopharynx

75
Q

exhibits double-walled cysts

with an outer wrinkled wall and an inner polygonal wall.

A

Acanthamoeba castellani

76
Q

Culture media: rhesus monkey, rabbit, calf, or human
kidney cells in medium 199 with 2% calf serum, and
antibiotics added

A

Acanthamoeba

77
Q

wearing contact lenses

A

Acanthamoeba

78
Q

Acanthamoeba clinical significance

A

GAE (Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis)

• Acanthamoeba keratitis

79
Q

spinelike pseudopods and sluggish motility

A

Acanthamoeba

80
Q

Specimen of choice for Acanthamoeba

A

CSF
Brain tissue
corneal scrapings

81
Q

the only pathogenic ciliate of man.

A

Balantidium coli

82
Q

Largest protozoan parasite of man

A

Balantidium coli

83
Q

Cyst has a kidney- or bean-shaped macronucleus for _____, ; a spherical micronucleus for _____

A

vegetation (feeding); reproduction (sexual stage)

84
Q

Trophozoite is surrounded with cilia and exhibits

A

s thrownball motility

85
Q

B. coli MOT

A

ingestion of food or water

contaminated with fecal material

86
Q

often infested

with Balantidium coli

A

Pigs and various species of monkeys

87
Q

B. coli cyst excyst in ____; troph _____

A

Small intestine; large intestine

88
Q

B. coli troph invades intestinal epithelium and secretes enzyme _____

A

Hyaluronidase

89
Q

balantidiasis is Differentiated from amoebic dysentery

A

does not spread to extraintestinal sites

90
Q

Acute diarrhea with mucus and blood, cramps
-Complications include intestinal perforation and acute
appendicitis

A

balantidiasis

91
Q

A straminophile previously classified as a fungus or

protozoan

A

Blastocystis hominis

92
Q

Blastocystis hominis habitat

A

Small intestine

93
Q

Blastocystis hominis MOT

A

: ingestion of vacuolated form

94
Q

specimen of choice for the recovery of

Blastocystis

95
Q

often mistaken for cyst of amoeba

A

Blastocystis hominis

96
Q

B. hominis infections indicated that they occurred as

______ in subtropical countries

97
Q

Blastocystis hominis infection

A
  • diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, fever as well as abdominal pain and
    cramping
98
Q

Microsporidia spores are released from

A

stool,
respiratory secretions
and urine of infected animals.

99
Q

microsporidia habitat

A

Small intestine

100
Q

MOT of microsporidia

A

ingestion or inhalation of

microsporidian spores

101
Q

Stain for MIcrosporidia

A

Modified Trichrome stain

102
Q

Disease association of microsporidia

A

diarrheal disease among

immunocompromised patients

Parasitology - review (6 decks)

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