introduction Flashcards
Parasitology
the area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one organism to another
- organism depending on another living creature for
existence
parasite
- organism that supports or harbors parasite
Host
- are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one
host to another
vector
- number of new cases of infection in a population in a
given period of time
incidence
- the act or process of inoculation
exposure
animal parasites which are harmful, frequently causing
local and systemic damage of one type or another
pathogen
when an individual harboring a parasite is
reinfected with the same species of parasites
superinfection
when the infected person is his own direct source
of reexposure
autoinfection
– living together of phylogenetically different organisms
-two different organisms living together
Symbiosis
types of symbiotic relationships
1) commensalism
2) mutualism
3) parasitism
– beneficial to one organism, neutral to the other
commensalism
– beneficial to both organisms
mutualism
– one organism benefits, the other is harmed
parasitism
– the smaller organism (phoront) is mechanically
transmitted by the other
Phoresis
Pthuris pubis
pubic louse/ crab louse
*ectoparasite
types of vector
1) mechanical/phoretic vector
2) biological vector
– the parasite is only seen on
the surface of this organism and there will be no development on
the parasite
mechanical/phoretic vector
– the parasite is seen inside the body of this
organism and the parasite needs this organism for its development
biological vector
periplaneta americana
cockroach
-common vector of ascaris lumbricoides
– depend entirely upon their host for existence
*A.lumbricoides
Obligate parasite
exist in a free-living state or may become
parasitic when the need arises
*S. stercoralis
Facultative parasite
- attack an unusual host
Incidental parasite
- free-living organisms in nature
that are parasitic to others but not in human
SPURIOUS (COPROZOIC) PARASITE
- is a parasite that is able to multiply in fecal
matter outside the human body.
COPROPHILIC PARASITE
arval stage is passed in a host while the
adult is free living
Transitory parasite
– lives on its host until maturity or spends its
entire life on its host
Permanent parasite
– one that parasitizes a host for short periods
Periodic parasite
occurs in an unusual habitat
Erratic parasite
– visit the host only during feeding time
Intermittent parasite
– found in man alone; transmitted
from one human host to another
ANTHROPONOTIC PARASITE
– primarily infects man and maybe
transmitted to animals
ZOOANTHROPONOTIC PARASITE
– primarily infects animals and may be
acquired by man
ZOONOTIC PARASITE
– occurs in an unusual host
ACCIDENTAL (INCIDENTAL) PARASITE –
- parasite living outside the body of the host
- will not penetrate into the tissues
- living on the surface of the skin
Ectoparasite
infections caused by Ectoparasite
Infestation
Pediculus
humanus humanus
body louse
Pediculus humanus capitis
head louse
Sarcoptes scabei
itsch mite
- parasite living inside the body of the host
- usually these are responsible to cause human infections
Endoparasite
caused by Endoparasite
Infection
- that which lives in organic substances in state of
decomposition
SAPROPHYTES -
- harbors mature / adult parasite
DEFINITIVE (FINAL HOST) -
- harbors immature / larval parasite
INTERMEDIATE
- serves as repository of the parasite
RESERVOIR
- a type of host wherein the parasite does
not develop into the final stage and instead, undergo and arrested
stage of development; carries infective stage of parasite
PARATENIC (TRANSPORT)
Sources of Parasite Infections
1) Contaminated soil and water
2) Food containing immature infective stage of the parasite
3) Eating raw or inadequately cooked foods
4) Blood sucking insects
5) Domestic animals
6) Another person
7) Oneself
samples of Contaminated soil and water source of infections
- E. histolytica
- G. lamblia
samples of Food containing immature infective stage of the parasite source of infections
- A. lumbricoides
- T. trichiura
samples of Eating raw or inadequately cooked foods source of infections
- E. ilocanum (snails)
- C. philippinensis (fish)
- D. latum (fish)
- T. saginata (beef)
- T. solium (pork)
samples of Blood sucking insects source of infections
- W. bancrofti
- B. malayi
samples of domestic animasl source of infections
- D. caninum
- H. diminuta
samples of another person source of infections
-T. vaginalis (sexually transmitted)
- particular site of the body where the parasite
prefers to enter
portal of entry
site of the body where the parasite moves out
portal of exit
mouth as portal of entry
- A. lumbricoides
- T. trichuria
- E. vermicularis
- E. histolytica
- G. lamblia
- C. philippinensis
skin as portal of entry
- N. americanus
- A. duodenale
- S. stercolaris
- S. japonicum
percutaneous portal of entry
- Malarial parasites
- Filarial worms
- Leishmania
- Trypanosomes
inhalation portal of entry
E. vermicularis
secretions as portal of entry
- S. stercolaris
- Ancylostoma spp.
sexually transmitted
- T. vaginalis
– causes definite pathological lesions
pathogenic
derives nutrients from the host without causing
pathological lesions
nonpathogenic
– causes mild disease in healthy individuals and
severe pathological lesions in immunocompromised hosts
opportunistic
– human host harboring a pathogenic parasite without
manifesting signs and symptoms but may transmit the parasite to
others
carrier
Spurious parasite
passes digestive tract of humans WITHOUT infecting them
Eimeria saardinae is an example of what type of parasite
Spurious
usually protozoans, able to multiply in
fecal matter outside human body
coprophilic
parasite that does not develop to final stage happens in what host
Paratenic host
a host that allows parasite to continue its life
Reservoir host
motile, feeding stage of protozoan
trophozoite
non motile, non feeding stage of protozoan
cyst
