Protozoa

Question 1

Obligate parasites are

Answer 1

those which have to spend part of their life living a parasitic- host relationship

Question 2

definitive host

Answer 2

parasite reaches sexual maturity

Question 3

incidental host

Answer 3

host can be infected but does not play a role in the life cycle

Question 4

Parasites cause

Answer 4

a huge global burden of sickness and death

Question 5

Parasites cause diseases

Answer 5

in the poor

Question 6

Most parasites enter through

Answer 6

vector involvement, broken skin, or the mouth

Question 7

Helminths refers to parasitic worms

Answer 7

nematodes (roundworm), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes)

Question 8

Helminth infections cause

Answer 8

huge morbidity, symptoms include abdominal pain,

Question 9

Challenges of helminths are:

Answer 9

1. very good at evading and suppressing immunity,

Question 10

increases in allergy prevalence have occurred

Answer 10

primarily in westernised societies

Question 11

The whipworm is

Answer 11

one of the most common helminthic infections

Question 12

Infection may be

Answer 12

asymptomatic

Question 13

Larvae can migrate through lungs

Answer 13

causing haemorrage e.t.c

Question 14

Challenges occurred by protozoal parasites

Answer 14

Infecting hosts and specific host cells,
undergo transmission
gaining nutrients
avoid being killed by the host

Question 15

cryptosporidium lifecycle

Answer 15

transmission occurs by ingestion of oocysts in contaminated water, proliferation and sexual reproduction in the gut,

it is zoonotic

Question 16

cryptosporidium succesful life strategy

Answer 16

favourable environmental niche, transmission effective,

Question 17

Malaria - key facts

Answer 17

causative agent - plasmodium spp (5 infect human)
Anopheles mosquitoes are the definitive host
it is an acute disease
disease occurs during the parasites asexual blood stage cycle

Question 18

Challenges of intracellular life - plasmodium

Answer 18

ad:
gain nutrients from their host cell,
shielded from the host immune system
host cells are readily available and are accessible

Question 19

Toxoplasma

Answer 19

incidental hosts can be virtually any mammalian species, definitive hosts are cats, transmission to cats occurs via predation, transmission occurs via ingestion of contaminated faeces or meat containing parasite cysts
Humans can be ingested by contamination via cat faeces

Question 20

For toxoplasma, in healthy hosts,

Answer 20

initial infection causes mild flu like symptoms, chronic infection is ….

Question 21

Apicomplexan parasites use

Answer 21

gliding motility to invade host cells