Antibodies

Question 1

Antibodies cant kill

Answer 1

on their own

Question 2

Ab partners with

Answer 2

innate cells, give specificity of adaptive immunity to innate cells

Question 3

AB can

Answer 3

bind to neutralise microbes and toxins

Question 4

Antibodies consist of

Answer 4

2 heavy chains and 2 light chains. FC region stays constant and defines function

Question 5

Membrane vs secreted Ab

Answer 5

Differential RNA processing, cell can always produce both forms

Question 6

Swapping constant Fc regions changes Ab fucntion

Answer 6

without changing specificity for Ag. Independent of whether Ab is membrane bound or secreted

Question 7

IGM AND IGD

Answer 7

are the first isotypes produced, and they are the only isotypes which can simultaneously be produced by B cells, IGD is secreted in small quantities and its function is unknown, IGM is the first response Ab

Question 8

Igm AND igd are produced by

Answer 8

RNA splicing

Question 9

Different Ab classes have different effector function

Answer 9

IgM have a great complement fixer, good opsoniser,
IgA is resistant to stomach acid, protects mucosal surfaces, secreted in milk,
IgG is the OK complement factor, good opsoniser, Helps NK cells

Question 10

IgM

Answer 10

first line of defence, tends to be lower affinity than other isotypes, IgM forms a pentamer via J chain, compensates for lower affinity (has not yet undergone affinity maturation, very good at binding to repeating epitopes,

Question 11

Antibodies activate complement via

Answer 11

classical pathway, complement molecules act as PRR’s to detect pathogens on their own.

Question 12

IGM’s pentameric structure

Answer 12

makes it best complement fixer,

Question 13

IgA is adapted to mucosal surfaces

Answer 13

J chain facilitates transport across intestinal epithelium

Question 14

FcR link Ab functions to

Answer 14

innate immune cells. This gives specificity of adaptive immunity to innate immune cells

Question 15

Different Ab isotypes bind different

Answer 15

FcR - FcyR - binds IgG for example

Question 16

FcR stimulate

Answer 16

Antibody dependent cellular cytoxicity

Question 17

Antibody structure

Answer 17

defines function

Question 18

Two Ag binding sites favours

Answer 18

cross linking

Question 19

Antigen- antibody cross linking

Answer 19

is required to bind to and activate FcyR and FcaR Distinguishes Ab that are bound to pathogen/ infected cell

Question 20

Antigen- antibody cross linking

Answer 20

aids antibody mediated neurtralisation

Question 21

IgE makes innate cells into

Answer 21

memory cells

Question 22

Somatic Hypermutation

Answer 22

is where the mutation rate of V,D, j GENE segments of activated B cells 100000 fold greater than normal mutation rate in normal cells

Question 23

Affinity maturation

Answer 23

the overall process by which activated B cells increase their B cells increase their AB’s affinity for Ag.

Question 24

Affinity maturation is tightly controlled

Answer 24

to prevent the accidental creation of self reactive Ab. B cells require the permission of T cells to undergo affinity maturation.

Question 25

B cell memory

Answer 25

increased number of Ag specific B cells