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MUSCULAR > protozoa > Flashcards

protozoa Flashcards

1
Q
  • Single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms belonging to
    kingdom Protista
A

protozoa

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2
Q

adapted to different host species

A

Parasitic protozoa

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3
Q

Out of 10,000 species of parasitic protozoa, man harbors
only about

A

70 species

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4
Q
  • Protozoa exhibit wide range of size
A

(1- 150 µ111)

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5
Q

phylum

A

protozoa

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6
Q

subphylum

A

-sarcomastigophora
-sporozoa
-cnidospora
-ciliophora

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7
Q

superclass

A

mastigophora
opalinata
sarcodina

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8
Q

subclass

A

phytomastigophora
teleospora
myxosporidea
ciliatea
zoomastigophora
toxoplasmea
microsporidea
haplosporea
rhizopodea
piroplasmea
actinopodea

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9
Q

Mode of transmission
*Two major methods of transmission of protozoal
infection:

A

*ingestion of the infective stage
* an arthropod vector
*few are transmitted by sexual contact

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10
Q

The following groups of protozoa are
considered:

A

-Amoebae that move by
means of pseudopodia
- Protozoa that possess
one to several flagella
-Protozoa that move
by means of many cilia
on the cell surface
-. Protozoa that do not exhibit an obvious
mode of mobility but can glide
nonetheless.

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11
Q

(This same group uses sexual reproduction
during the life cycle.)

A

. Protozoa that do not exhibit an obvious
mode of mobility but can glide
nonetheless.

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12
Q

morphology of protozoa

A

unicellular;a single cell-like unit

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13
Q

multicellular;a number of cells, making up a complex individual

A

morphology of metazoa

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14
Q

a single cell performs all the function:reproduction,digestion,respiration, excretion

A

physiology of protozoa

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15
Q

each special cell performs a particular function.

A

physiology of metazoa

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16
Q

example of protozoa

A

ameba

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17
Q

example of metazoa

A

tapeworm

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18
Q

two portion of cytoplasm

A

endoplasm
ectoplasm

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19
Q

Outer homogeneous part that serves as
the organ for locomotion and for engulfment of food
by producing pseudopodia.

A

ectoplasm

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20
Q

The inner granular portion of cytoplasm
that contains nucleus. It shows number of structures:
the Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, food
vacuoles and contractile vacuoles.

A

endoplasm

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21
Q

usually single but may be double or
multiple; some species have as many as 100 nuclei in a
single cell.

A

nucleus

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22
Q

The nucleus contains one or more

A

nucleoli or a
central karyosome.

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23
Q
  • The chromatin may be distributed along the
A

periphery
(peripheral chromatin) or as condensed mass around the
karyosome.

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24
Q

Extranuclear chromatin material is called
* (e.g. as found in Entamoeba histolytica cyst).

A

Chromatoid body

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25
Q

It is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) containing
body, situated peripherally or centrally within the nucleus
and found in intestinal ameba,
* e.g. E. histolytica, E.coli.

A

Karyosome

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26
Q

3 types of karyosphere

A

-karyosphere with capsule
-karyosphere without capsule-
- inverted karyosphere

27
Q

Nonnuclear DNA
present in addition to
nucleus.

A

Kinetoplast

28
Q

it is seen in trypanosomes

A

Kinetoplast

29
Q

*Flagellum originates near

A

kinetoplast

30
Q

Point of origin of flagellum is
called as

A

basal body

31
Q

These are fine, needle-like filaments, covering
the entire surface of the body and are found in
ciliates, e.g. Balantidium coli.

A

cilia

32
Q

trophos:

A

nourishment

33
Q

Active feeding and growing stage of the protozoa.

A

trophozoite

34
Q
  • trophozoite derives nutrition from the environment by
A

diffusion, pinocytosis,
and phagocytosis.

35
Q

3 asexual reproduction

A

binary fission
multiple fission or schizogony
endodyogeny

36
Q

It is a method of asexual
reproduction, by which a single parasite divides
either longitudinally or transversally into two or
more equal numbers of parasites.

A

binary fission

37
Q

followed by division of
the cytoplasm.

A

Mitotic division of nucleus

38
Q

division occurs along any plane

A

amebae

39
Q

division is along longitudinal axis

A

flagellates

40
Q

division occurs in the transverse plane

A

ciliates

41
Q

Plasmodium exhibits schizogony,
in which nucleus undergoes
several successive divisions
within the schizont to produce
large number of merozoiles

A
  • Multiple fission or schizogony:
42
Q

Some protozoa
like Toxoplasma, multiply by
internal budding, resulting in the
formation of two daughter cells.

A

endodyogeny

43
Q

2 sexual reproduction

A

conjugation
gametogony or syngamy

44
Q

In ciliates, the
sexual process is _____
in which two organisms join
together and reciprocally
exchange nuclear material (e.g.
Balanlidium coli

A

Conjugation

45
Q

In Sporozoa, male and female
gametocytes are produced,
which after fertilization form
the zygote, which gives rise to
numerous sporozoites by
sporogony (e.g. Plasmodium).

A

Gametogony or syngamy

46
Q

Protozoa like intestinal flagellates and
ciliates require only one host, within which they
multiply asexually in the trophic stage and transfer
from one host to another by the cystic form.

A
  • Single host
47
Q

: In some protozoa like Plasmodium,
asexual method of reproduction occurs in one host
(man) and a sexual method of reproduction in another
host (mosquito).

A
  • Second host
48
Q

sarcos meaning

A

flesh or body

49
Q

*It includes those parasites, which have no
permanent locomotory organs, but move
about with the aid of temporary
prolongations of the body called
pseudopodia

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora
*Sarcodina

50
Q

mastix meaning

A

whip or
flagellum

51
Q

*It includes those protozoa which possess whiplike flagella (e.g. Trypanosoma and
Trichomonas).

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora
*Masrigophora

52
Q

Was formerly known as Sporozoa

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

53
Q

serving as the organ of
attachment to host cells.

A

apical complex

54
Q

Members of this group possess, at some stage in their life cycle, a structure called the apical complex serving as the organ of
attachment to host cells.

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

55
Q

They are tissue parasites

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

56
Q

They have a complex life cycle with alternating sexual and asexual generations

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

57
Q

To this group, belongs the malarial parasites

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

58
Q
  • (Suborder: Hemosporina, Family: Plasmodiidae), Toxoplasma,
    Sarcocystis,
    lsospora, and Cryptosporidium ( Under the Suborder: Eimeriina),
    Babesia (Under the Subclass: Piroplasma) and the unclassified Pneumocystis jirovecii.
A

malarial parasites

59
Q

These protozoa are motile by means of cilia, which
cover their entire body surface.

A

Phylum Ciliophora

60
Q

The only human parasite in this group is Balantidium
coli, which rarely causes dysentery.

A

Phylum Ciliophora

61
Q

contains many minute intracellular
protozoan parasites, which frequently cause disease in
immunodeficient subjects.

A

Phylum Microspora

62
Q

a is complex and is
subject to frequent revisions

A

zoological classification of protozoa

63
Q

The classification described in
the chapter is an abridged version of the classification
proposed in 1980 by the Committee on Systematics and
Evolution of the Society of Protozoologists, as applied to
protozoa of medical importance

A

Phylum Microspora

MUSCULAR (8 decks)

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