neuro Flashcards
Right and Left
hemispheres joined by
the
corpus callosum
Four lobes
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
aggregation of neuronal
cell bodies; mediates
higher-level function
(memory, perception,
communication, initiation
of voluntary movements)
Gray Matter
Regulate emotional
expression,
behavior, intellect;
influence personality;
control voluntary
movement
Frontal Lobe
Perceives and interpret sensory
inputs such as pain,
temperature, touch, texture,
and proprioception
Parietal Lobe
Influence hearing, smell, taste,
and memory
Temporal Lobe
Perceive and interpret visual
stimuli, including spatial
relationships; Influence the
ability to read with
understanding
Occipital Lobe
Clusters multiple stimuli into a
coherent whole before sending it to
the cerebral cortex for perception
Thalamus
Regulates production of several
hormones responsible for regulating
water balance, appetite, vital signs,
sleep cycles, pain perception, and
emotional status; Stimulates visceral
responses such as heart rate, in
response to emotions; Regulates
temperature by prompting shivering
and sweating
Hypothalamus
Brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
Regulates visual, auditory, and other reflexes
and controls eye movements, focusing, and
pupil dilation
Midbrain
Helps control respiratory function, facial
movement and sensation, and eye movement
Pons
Regulates heart and respiratory rate, BP, and
protective reflexes such as swallowing,
vomiting, sneezing, and coughing
Medulla Oblongata
Coordination and smoothing of
voluntary movements,
maintaining equilibrium, and
maintenance of muscle tone
Cerebellum
Located in the vertebral canal
* Extends from the medulla oblongata
to the first lumbar vertebra (L1)
* Conducts sensory impulses up the
ascending tracts to the brain
SPINAL CORD
- Conducts motor impulses down the
descending tracts to neurons that
stimulate glands and muscles
throughout the body - Responsible for simple reflex activity
SPINAL CORD
Conducting or conducted
towards the brain
Afferent
Conducting or conducted
away from the brain
Efferent
Anterior
Ventral
Dorsal
Posterior
SAME DAVE
Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent
Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent
-Sensations of pain, temperature, and crude an light touch travel by the way of the spinothalamic tract
-Sensations of position, vibration and fine touch travel by way of the posterior columns
-Impulses from the afferent fibers of the peripheral nerves are
carried through the posterior root ganglion
Neural Pathways
control voluntary
skilled movement of the extremities and
fine movement of the fingers
Corticospinal tracts
-Motor neurons original in the motor cortex
and travel down the medulla
-Crosses over to the opposite side then
travel down the spinal cord
-Impulses are carried to muscles and
produce voluntary movements
Pyramidal Tracts
– voluntary control of
face, head, and neck
Corticobulbar tract
Responsible for INVOLUNTARY control and modulation like
tone and balance
Extrapyramidal Tracts
Originate in the brainstem
Extrapyramidal Tracts
(midbrain)
Responsible for fine motor control
Rubrospinal tract
– facilitates contraction and increases tone
Pons
– inhibits contraction, decreases tone, and
automatic breathing
Medulla
Involved in balance and posture
Vestibulospinal tract
Involved in the coordinate head and eye coordination
Tectospinal (Colliculospinal) tract
Carries smell impulses
from nasal mucous
membrane to brain
I - Olfactory Nerve
Carries visual impulses
from eye to brain
II - Optic Nerve
Contracts eye muscles to control eye
movements (superolateral,
superomedial, inferolateral, and
medial), constricts pupils, and
elevates eyelid
III - Oculomotor Nerve
V - Trigeminal Nerve
3 divisions
Ophthalmic,
Maxillary, and Mandibular
Contracts superior oblique muscle to
control inferomedial eye movement
IV - Trochlear Nerve
Chewing and jaw
opening and clenching
Motor (trigeminal)
Controls lateral eye
movements
VI - Abducens Nerve
LR6SO4
Lateral rectus, CN VI
Superior Oblique, CN IV
The rest, CN III
Closing eyes, closing
mouth, moving lips and other
muscles of facial expression,
salivation and lacrimation
VII - Facial Nerve
Motor:
Tasting on anterior
tongue
VII - Facial Nerve sensory
Branches of trigeminal
Temporal, Zygomatic,
Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical
2 Hearing Pathways
Conductive phase
sensorineural phase
Contains sensory fibers for
hearing and balance
VIII – Acoustic/
Vestibulocochlear nerve
