Protozoa Flashcards
Kingdom:
Protista
Nutritional type:
Chemoheterotroph
Multicellularity:
None
Cellular arrangement:
Unicellular
Food acquisition method:
Absorptive; ingestive (cytostome)
Characteristic features:
Motility; some form cysts
Characteristic features:
None
a complete organism in which all life activities occur within the limits of a single cell membrane.
protozoan
“first animals,” meant to describe animal-like nutrition.
protozoa
The feeding and growing stage feeds upon bacteria and small particulate nutrients. Some protozoa are part of the normal microbiota of animals.
trophozoite
Free-living, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism all represented in the group (true or false)
true
Locomotion by pseudopodia, flagella, cilia, and direct cell movements; some sessile (true or false)
true
is in which the organelles are duplicated and the protozoan then divides into two complete organisms.
Fission
Asexual reproduction beginning as a protuberance from the parent cell that grows to become a daughter cell.
Budding.
is multiple fission; the nucleus undergoes multiple divisions before the cell divides. After many nuclei are formed, a small portion of cytoplasm concentrates around each nucleus, and then the single cell separates into daughter cells.
Schizogony
During protozoan conjugation, two cells fuse, and a haploid nucleus (the
micronucleus) from each cell migrates to the other cell. This haploid micronucleus fuses with the haploid micronucleus within the cell. The parent cells separate, each now a fertilized cell. When the cells later divide, they produce daughter cells with recombined DNA.
Conjugation.
Some protozoa produce gametes (gametocytes), which are haploid sex cells. During reproduction, two gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote.
Syngamy.
Under certain adverse conditions, some protozoa produce a protective capsule called a
cyst
permits the organism to survive when food, moisture, or oxygen are lacking, when temperatures are not suitable, or when toxic chemicals are present.
cyst
The cyst formed by members of the phylum Apicomplexa is called an
oocyst.
Mostly aerobic heterotrophs; many intestinal protozoa are capable of
anaerobic growth.
Two chlorophyll-containing groups are often studied with algae.
dinoflagellates and euglenoids,
However, some have a protective covering thus require specialized structures to take in food.
pellicle,
Ciliates take in food by waving their cilia toward a mouthlike opening called a
cytostome.
In all protozoa, digestion takes place in membrane-enclosed vacuoles, and waste may be eliminated through the plasma membrane or through a specialized
anal pore.
Euglenoids have a semirigid plasma membrane called a
pellicle,
Most euglenoids also have a
red eyespot
Some euglenoids are facultative
chemoheterotrophs.
The amebae move by extending blunt, lobe like projections of the cytoplasm called
pseudopods.
not motile in their mature forms and are obligate intracellular parasites.
APICOMPLEXA
Ciliates have _____ that are arranged in precise rows on the cell.
cilia
is covered with rows of cilia.
Paramecium
